Table 2.

Literature related to the measurement of Long-Term Care (LTC) costs in China.

Rank	Author, Date	Methodology	Sample	Key Conclusions
1	Jin et al. [23], 2010	Semi-structured interview	Nine general service teams of the Yin hang community health service center of Shanghai	The government should increase the price of home care services and include it into medical insurance to meet the cost compensation of home care.
2	Lu [24], 2013	Microsimulation method	The annual long-term care social insurance payment rate from 1995 to 2010	The long-term care security system makes resources flow from high-income groups to low-income groups.
3	Feng et al. [25], 2013	ADL and IADL	Community-dwelling elderly in Shanghai, 1998–2008	Demand for long-term care in Shanghai led to a surge in long-term care costs between 1998 and 2008.
4	Hu [26], 2015	Markov model	Data on disabled elderly people in China	Long-term care costs for the elderly will soar in China in the future.
5	Yuan [27], 2018	Multiple logit regression analysis	Sample survey data of disabled elders in the three provinces of the northeast	China should pay attention to the financial pressure borne by fund providers.
6	Liu and Zhong [28], 2018	Markov model	CHARLS data for 2011, 2013, and 2015	It is imperative to establish a national long-term care social assistance system.
7	Xu et al. [29], 2019	Bayesian quantile regression	The data of disabled elderly people in China from 2003 to 2016	It is predicted long-term care costs for each disability state of the elderly in China will rise sharply from 2020 to 2050
8	Fengyue and Junko [30], 2018	Field investigation	First-class nursing patients in China	Controlling labor costs and reducing material costs are the keys to reducing the LTC costs.
9	Yu et al. [31], 2015	Comparative Study	Nursing project prices in Chongqing 2014 and Guangdong 2006	It is suggested that the value of nursing technical labor services should be properly reflected when formulating the price of nursing projects.
10	Fan et al. [32], 2016	Field survey and expert consultation	A primary care patient in a tertiary hospital in Chongqing from January to March 2013	LTC costs can be included in the scope of medical insurance reimbursement.
11	Qun [33], 2013	Comparative Study	Top three elderly-hospitals in Beijing (China)	The adjustment of LTC service prices has a long way to go.
12	Li et al. [34], 2018	Essential thoughts of RBVS	2012 edition of the medical service price item specification work manual	The constructed pricing model of nursing service projects can measure the value of LTC services and fully reflect the LTC costs.
13	Jin, Li, et al. [35], 2018	Multiple linear regression	42 service items in Shanghai	Labor cost is a major factor in the cost of long-term care services.
14	Yang et al. [36], 2016	A policy evaluation of new models	51 elderly of nursing patients	The total cost of institutional care is far less than the cost of general hospital inspections and other routine expenses.
15	Lu et al. [37], 2017	Multiple linear regression	Elderly chronic patients in the urban area of Hefei	Public long-term care policies in China should focus on the distinction between institutional care and home care.
16	Huang et al. [38], 2012	Multi-status transition model	Comparison of the costing methods around the world with Taiwan, China	Through home care cost accounting, the government can provide information for the government based on the family cost data for the elderly with different functional levels.
17	Song et al. [39], 2016	Comparative study	Community and institutional care survey data	To be cost-effective, community care services should target patients with a medium physical disability.
18	Fen et al. [40], 2017	Logistic model	8500 residents aged over 60 in Jiang Ning Road were randomly selected and observed in 2014	Formal care provision in Shanghai was not determined by ADL scores but was instead more related to income.