Table 2.
Spatio-temporal and smoothness-of-gait parameters calculated for the three groups of elderly. Values are expressed as mean ± SD.
| Gait Parameter | Healthy Controls (HC) | Early Cognitive Decline (ECD) |
Advanced Cognitive Decline (ACD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gait speed (m s−1) | 0.92 ± 0.23 | 0.68 ± 0.30 a | 0.63 ± 0.25 a |
| Stride length (m) | 1.03 ± 0.23 | 0.81 ± 0.32 a | 0.73 ± 0.23 a |
| Cadence (steps min−1) | 107.3 ± 8.5 | 100.6 ± 12.6 | 101.7 ± 11.8 |
| Stance phase (% GC) | 61.3 ± 2.0 | 61.9 ± 2.3 | 62.0 ± 1.6 |
| Swing phase (% GC) | 38.8 ± 1.9 | 38.1 ± 2.3 | 37.4 ± 2.8 |
| Double support phase (% GC) | 22.3 ± 2.0 | 23.8 ± 2.3 | 24.0 ± 1.7 |
| Harmonic ratio (HR) anteroposterior (AP) direction * | 3.37 ± 0.69 | 2.49 ± 0.88 a | 2.31 ± 0.76 a |
| HR mediolateral (ML) direction * | 2.40 ± 0.72 | 2.03 ± 0.53 | 2.05 ± 0.55 |
| HR vertical (V) direction * | 3.70 ± 0.93 | 2.60 ± 0.87 a | 2.60 ± 0.88 a |
a significant difference vs. HC after Bonferroni correction; * controlled for gait speed; GC: Gait Cycle.