Table 3.

DNA vaccination.

Vaccine	Antigen/Immunosuppr.	Vaccination Type	Admin. Route	Admin. Dose	Animal Model	Vaccination Outcome
pDNA encoding IL-4 pDNA encoding PLP139–151 pDNA encoding MOG [142]	PLP139–151	Prophylactic: 17 and 10 days b.i. Therapeutic: 14 and 21 days p.i Co-vaccination with IL-4 plasmid and MOG plasmid on days 18 and 27 p.i.	i.m	100 μg of plasmid per injection	SJL/J mice with EAE induced with PLP139–151 C57BL/6 mice with EAE induced with MOG35–55	Co-vaccination with IL-4 and PLP139–151 plasmids significantly protected against induction of EAE. Co-vaccination with IL-4 plasmid and MOG plasmid reversed ongoing EAE.
pMOG 91–108 pK0-MOG91–108 (lacking CpG motifs) [143]	MOG91–108	Prophylactic: three weeks b.i.	i.m.	200 μg DNA/injection	LEW.1AV1 (RT1av1) female rats (4–5 weeks old) with EAE induced with MOG91–108	Vaccinated rats were protected against EAE.
pDNA encoding IL-10 pDNA encoding MBP68–86 [144]	MBP68–86	Admin. at the disease onset			Female Lewis rats (~6 weeks old) with EAE induced with MBP68–86 or MBP87–99, or with EAN induced with P257–81	Rats co-vaccinated with IL-10 and MBP68–86 plasmids went into rapid remission. Co-administration of pDNA encoding IL-10 and pDNA encoding MBP68–86 were shown to suppress EAE in rats induced either with MBP68–86 or MBP87–99 but not EAN.
pZZ/MOG91–108 pMOG91–108 pK0-MOG91–108 pK3-MOG91–108 [145]	MOG91–108	Prophylactic: 3–4 weeks b.i.	i.m.	200 μg DNA/injection 100 μg of CpG DNA were added to pMOG91–108 before the injection	Female LEW.1AV1 (RT1av1) rats (4–5 weeks old) and female DA rats with EAE induced with MOG91–108	Vaccination with pDNA encoding MOG91–108 (lacking the ZZ gene) reduced clinical symptoms of EAE and mortality in rats with different genetic background sharing the same MHC.
DNA encoding MBP, PLP, MOG, MAG and IL-4- [10]	MBP, PLP, MOG, MAG/GpG ODN	Therapeutic: admin. at the peak of acute EAE, when mice exhibited paralysis	i.m. i.p.	0.025 mg of each myelin peptide plasmid, 0.05 mg of IL-4 plasmid and 0.05 mg of GpG ODN	Female SJL/J and C57BL/6 (B6) mice (8–12 weeks old) with EAE induced with PLP139–151 or MOG35–55	Administration of myelin cocktail/IL-4 plasmids and the immunosuppressant GpG ODN resulted in dramatic improvement of the disease in mice having either chronic relapsing or chronic progressive EAE.
pMOG 91–108 pMOG-IFN-β pMOG-scr [146]	MOG91–108	Prophylactic: three weeks b.i.	i.m.	200 μg DNA/injection	Female LEW.1AV1 (RT1av1) rats (4–5 weeks old) and female DA rats with EAE induced with MOG91–108	The suppressive ability of DNA vaccination was found to be abrogated via silencing IFN-β.
p2MOG35 [147]	MOG35–55/Tacrolimus (FK506)	Preclinical/Therapeutic: three and 17 days p.i.	i.m.	100 μg of p2MOG35/mouse 10 μg of FK506/mouse	Female C57BL/6 mice (6–8 weeks old) with EAE induced with MOG35–55	Co-administration of p2MOG35 with FK506 was shown to effectively meliorate EAE in mice.
pVAX-PLP, pVAX-MOG [148]	PLP, MOG	Prophylactic: four or 12 weeks b.i.	i.m.	20μg pVAX-PLP, pVAX-MOG	Female SJL/J (9H-2) mice (6 weeks old) with EAE induced with PLP139–151 C57/B6 mice with EAE induced with MOG35–55	EAE was found to be exacerbated in mice vaccinated with pVAX-PLP 4 weeks prior to immunization whereas both clinical and pathological symptoms were suppressed in mice vaccinated 12 weeks prior to EAE induction. In mice vaccinated with pVAX-MOG, either four or 12 weeks prior to immunization, EAE was shown to be significantly suppressed.

pDNA: plasmid DNA; IL: interleukin; MOG: myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; b.i.: before immunization; p.i.: post immunization; PLP: proteolipid protein; i.m.: intramuscular; EAE: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; MBP: myelin basic protein; EAN: experimental autoimmune neuritis; i.p.: intraperitoneal; GpG: GpG oligonucleotide; DA rats: dark agouti rats; IFN: interferon; pVAX: expressing vector.