Table 2.

Results of the second field study involving applications of entomopathogenic nematodes to areas underneath odor-baited trap trees targeting the soil-dwelling stages of C. nenuphar, according to year. For each evaluation, the cumulative number of adult C. nenuphar that emerged from the soil and were captured in the trapping devices (PVC enclosures and emergence cages) was compared statistically among treatments. Data from 2013–2015 and 2018 were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, whereas data from 2019 were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis. Mean ± SEM values are presented in all cases for ease of interpretation.

Year	Treatment	Trap Type	Mean Cumulative Emergence of Adult C. Nenuphar (±SEM)	Outcomes of Analyses
2013	S. riobrave (n = 18)	PVC enclosure	0.00 a	Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test; z = 2.85, p = 0.004.
	Control (n = 18)	PVC enclosure	2.22 (±0.6) b
	S. riobrave (n = 15)	Pyramid	1.06 (±0.6) a	Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test; z = 3.47, p < 0.001.
	Control (n = 15)	Pyramid	12.87 (±2.6) b
2014	S. riobrave (n = 18)	PVC enclosure	0.00 a	Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test; z = 2.27, p = 0.020.
	Control (n = 18)	PVC enclosure	0.78 (±0.3) b
	S. riobrave (n = 15)	Pyramid	15.60 (±4.5) a	Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test; z = 2.40, p = 0.016.
	Control (n = 15)	Pyramid	28.60 (±5.9) b
2015	S. riobrave (n = 18)	PVC enclosure	0.50 (±0.6) a	Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test; z = 3.39, p < 0.001.
	Control (n = 18)	PVC enclosure	3.33 (±0.6) b
	S. riobrave (n = 16)	Pyramid	0.68 (±0.2) a	Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test; z = 2.02, p = 0.043.
	Control (n = 17)	Pyramid	4.23 (±0.8) b
2018	S. riobrave (n = 19)	Pyramid	1.05 (±0.5) a	Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test; z = 3.33, p < 0.001.
	Control (n = 16)	Pyramid	6.38 (±1.3) b
2019	S. riobrave (n = 5)	Pyramid	1.00 (±0.4) a	Kruskal-Wallis H = 10.19; p = 0.017. Kruskal-Wallis
	S. carpocapsae (n = 5)	Pyramid	2.60 (±1.6) a
	S. feltiae (n = 5)	Pyramid	6.40 (±0.7) b
	Control (n = 5)	Pyramid	6.20 (± 0.7) b