Table 1.
Physico-chemical properties of cationic lipid-based delivery systems. All formulations were prepared at 1 mg/mL final cationic lipid concentration. Results are represented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) of three independent batches of each formulation. DOTAP (1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane), DDA (dimethyldioctadecylammonium) NPs (polymeric nanoparticles), SLNs (solid lipid nanoparticles), size (Z-average diameter), ZP (zeta potential), PDI (polydispersity index), EE (encapsulation efficiency), AE (adsorption efficiency).
| Formulation Type | DOTAP | DDA | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Size (d.nm) | PDI | ZP (mV) |
EE/AE (%) |
Size (d.nm) | PDI | ZP (mV) |
EE/AE (%) | ||
| Liposomes | No SAM | 42 ± 4 | 0.25 ± 0.01 | 58 ± 3 | - | 39 ± 6 | 0.20 ± 0.03 | 45 ± 7 | - |
| Adsorbed | 118 ± 25 | 0.36 ± 0.20 | 39 ± 5 | 97 ± 1 | 186 ± 15 | 0.16 ± 0.02 | 27 ± 4 | 99 ± 0.1 | |
| Entrapped | 85 ± 5 | 0.17 ± 0.02 | 27 ± 3 | 96 ± 1 | 196 ± 9 | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 43 ± 3 | 99 ± 0.2 | |
| SLNs | No SAM | 64 ± 1 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 30 ± 4 | - | 70 ± 6 | 0.26 ± 0.02 | 46 ± 4 | - |
| Adsorbed | 120 ± 2 | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 15 ± 2 | 97 ± 1 | 201 ± 62 | 0.29 ± 0.04 | 26 ± 4 | 99 ± 0.1 | |
| Entrapped | 187 ± 17 | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 23 ± 1 | 98 ± 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| NPs | No SAM | 39 ± 9 | 0.13 ± 0.07 | 49 ± 6 | - | 58 ± 3 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | 38 ± 5 | - |
| Adsorbed | - | - | - | - | 267 ± 34 | 0.27 ± 0.05 | 26 ± 4 | 99 ± 0.1 | |
| Entrapped | 198 ± 6 | 0.23 ± 0.02 | 26 ± 6 | 98 ± 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Emulsions | No SAM | 150 ± 7 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 38 ± 2 | - | 196 ± 24 | 0.19 ± 0.07 | 38 ± 3 | - |
| Adsorbed | 182 ± 33 | 0.19 ± 0.01 | 35 ± 2 | 95 ± 2 | 209 ± 9 | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 35 ± 3 | 90 ± 0.5 | |
| Entrapped | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |