AD	Alzheimer’s disease
Akt	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase
ALS	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
aPC	Activated protein C
ApoM	Apolipoprotein M
APP	Amyloid precursor protein
Aβ	Amyloid-β-peptide
BBB	Blood brain barrier
CBAs	Conjugated bile acids
CBF	Cerebral blood flow
CCL4	C-C motif chemokine 4-like
CCL5	C-C motif chemokine 5-like
CCO	Cytochrome c oxidase
CCR7	C-C chemokine receptor type 7
CD	Cluster of differentiation molecule
CDase	Ceramidase
c-fos	Proto-oncogene c-Fos
cIAP2	Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 2
CNS	Central nervous system
COX-2	Cyclooxygenase-2
CXCL8	C-X-C motif chemokine 8, IL-8
CXCL10	C-X-C motif chemokine 10
DHHC5	Palmitoyltransferase DHHC5
DNA	Desoxyribonucleic acid
EAE	Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
EC	Extracellular
ERK	Extracellular-regulated kinase
GBA	Glucocerebrosidase
GCS	Glucosylceramide synthase
Glc	Glucose
GlcCer	Glucosylceramidase
GRK2	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2
Gαi/o	Inhibitory Gα subunit
Gαq	q subtype of Gα proteins
Gαs	Stimulatory Gα subunit
G12/13	12/13 subtype of Gα proteins
HD	Huntigton’s disease
HDAC1/2	Histone deacetylases 1/2
HDL	High-density lipoprotein
hTERT	Human telomerase reverse transcriptase
IC	Intracellular
ICAM1	Intracellular adhesion molecule 1
IFN-α	Interferon α
IL-1	Interleukin-1
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IL-17A	Interleukin-17A
IRF1	Interferon regulatory factor 1
IκB	Inhibitor of nuclear factor κ-B kinase
IκBα	NF-κB inhibitor α
LBD	Lewy body disorders
LDL	Low-density lipoprotein
LPP	Lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase
MCAO	Middle cerebral artery occlusion
MFSD2B	Major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2B
MKRN1	Makorin ring finger protein 1
MMP-9	Matrix metalloproteinase-9
mRNA	Messenger ribonucleic acid
MS	Multiple slerosis
NF-κB	Nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NMO	Neuromyelitis optica
NVU	Neurovascular unit
ORMDL3	ORM1-like protein 3
OXPHOS	Oxidative phosphorylation
PalCoA	Palmitoyl-CoA
PD	Parkinson’s disease
PE	Phosphoethanolamine
PGC1β	PPARγ co-activator 1β
PHB2	Prohibitin-2
PKC	Protein kinase C
PKCζ	Atypical PKC subtype ζ
PKCι	Atypical PKC subtype ι
PLPP3	Phospholipid phosphatase 3
PM	Plasma membrane
PPARγ	Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ
PTX3	Pentraxin-related protein 3
p21	Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1
RACK	Receptor for activated C kinase proteins
RhoA	Transforming protein RhoA
RING	Really interesting new group
RIP1	Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1
rt-PA	Recombinant-tissue plasminogen activator
SAH	Subarachnoid hemorrhage
sER	Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
SGPL1	S1P lyase 1
SGPP1/2	Sphingosine 1-phosphate phosphohydrolase 1/2
SLE	Systemic lupus erythematosus
SMase	Sphingomyelinase
SMS	Sphingomyelin synthase
SphK1	Sphingosine kinase 1
SphK2	Sphingosine kinase 2
SPNS2	Spinster homolog 2
SPT	Serine palmitoyltransferase
STAT3	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
S1P	Sphingosine 1-phosphate
S1PR	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor
S1P1–5	S1PR subtype 1–5
TAB3	TGF-β-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein3
TFH	Follicular TH cell
TGF-β	Transforming-growth-factor-β
TH-17	TH-17 type cell
TNFRSF12A	Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 12A
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-α
TRAF2	TNF-α receptor-associated factor 2
TRAF6	TNF-α receptor-associated factor 6
TREG	Regulatory T cell
TUNEL	Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated, uridine 5′triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling
UGT8A	UDP galactosyltransferase 8A
VEGFa	Vascular endothelial growth factor A
VLDL	Very low-density lipoprotein
WWP2	NEDD4-like E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2