ALP	alkaline phosphatase
BMD	bone mineral density
CT	computerized tomograph
DMEM	Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s media
MCP-1	monocyte chemotactic protein-1
MMP-9	matrix metallopeptidase 9
MP	methylprednisolone
MSCs	mesenchymal stem cells
MTT	a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide
OVX	ovariectomy
PINP	procollagen I N-terminal propeptide
PTHrP	PTH-related protein
RANKL	receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand
rhBMP-2	recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2
rhPTH	recombinant human parathyroid hormone
RUNX2	Runt-related transcription factor 2
SERMs	selective estrogen receptor modulators
Tb.N.	Trabecular number
Tb.Sp	Trabecular spacing
Tb.Th	Trabecular thickness
TiPs	TiAl6V4 alloy particles
TRAP	tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
TUDCA	tauroursodeoxycholic acid
UDCA	ursodeoxycholic acid