Table 1.
The number of tested and reactive sera collected from patients with α-Gal syndrome (Austria) and those infected with parasites and fungi (France). Expression of terminal α-Gal moieties in targeted organisms as observed by immunoblot, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry.
| Country | AGS | VLM (Toxocara canis) |
VLM (Ascaris suum) |
Schistosomiasis | Toxoplasmosis | Aspergillosis | AGS vs. Infection |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Congenital | Chronic | |||||||
| Austria * | 47 | 3 | 0 | n. t. | n/a | 0 | n. t. | 47/3 |
| France ** | 0 | 22 | n. t. | 6 | 27 | 14 | 19 | 0/88 |
|
α-Gal
epitopes |
Toxocara canis | Ascaris suum |
Schistosoma
mansoni |
Toxoplasma gondii |
Aspergillus
fumigatus |
|||
| no | no | yes | no | yes | ||||
* Sera from nine healthy individuals were included in the study and used as a negative control in the serological tests. ** Serum samples from healthy (n = 16) and immunosuppressed (n = 18) adult patients and healthy newborns (n = 12) were used as controls. AGS—α-Gal syndrome; VLM—visceral larva migrans syndrome (causative agent); n. t. —not tested; n/a—not applicable.