Skip to main content
. 2020 May 14;8(2):222. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8020222

Table 1.

Vaccine and therapeutic candidates based on the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vector for veterinary and human medicine.

Pathogen/Disease Antigen NDV Backbone Animal Model Route of Immunization Dose Reference
H1N1 HA Hitchner B1 mouse i.v. or i.p. two doses, 5 × 107 pfu [15]
H5N1 HA La Sota chicken/mouse o.n.(chicken)
i.p.(mouse)		 one dose, 106 EID50 (chicken);
two doses, 106 EID50 (mouse)		 [38]
H5N1 HA La Sota chicken o.n. one dose, 106 EID50 [39]
H5N2 HA La Sota chicken i.m./spray two doses, 5 × 106 TCID50 (i.m.);
one dose, 106 TCID50 (spray)		 [40]
H5N1 HA La Sota chicken i.m. or o.n. two doses, 5 × 106 pfu [41]
H5N2 HA/HA+NA La Sota/
chiNDV-2FHN		 chicken i.n. prime, chimeric-vector vaccines, 105 pfu;
boost, La Sota-vector vaccines, 105 pfu		 [42]
H5N1 HA chiNDV-8FHN chicken o.n. one dose, 106 TCID50 [25]
H5N1 HA chiNDV-2FHN chicken o.n. two doses, 106 pfu/mL [43]
H5N1 HA or HA + NA/M1/NS1 La Sota/
chiNDV-2FHN		 chicken o.n. one dose, 106 pfu/mL;
two doses, chimeric-vector prime and
La Sota-vector boost, 106 pfu/mL		 [44]
H5N1 HA/HA1 TS09-C chicken i.n./i.o. two doses, 106 TCID50 [45]
H5N1 HA La Sota duck i.o. two doses, 106 EID50 [46]
H5N2 HA La Sota chicken i.o. one dose, 104.8, 105.8, 106.8, 107.8EID50 [19]
H5N1 HA BC monkey i.n./i.t. two doses, 107 pfu [47]
H9N2 HA La Sota chicken o.n./i.m. two doses, 107 ffu [48]
H9N2 HA NA strain chicken o.n. one or two dose, 106 EID50 [49]
H9N2 HA chiNDV-2FHN chicken o.n. one dose, 106 EID50 [50]
H7N2 HA Hitchner B1 chicken i.o. one or two dose, 105.7-6.1 EID50 [51]
H7N2 HA Hitchner B1 chicken i.o. one dose, 106 EID50 [16]
H7N1 HA La Sota chicken i.n. one dose, 106 EID50 [52]
H7N9 HA La Sota chicken i.m. or o.n. two doses, 5 × 106 pfu [41]
H7N9 HA LX chicken i.n. two doses, 5 × 106 EID50 [53]
H7N9 HA rAI4 chicken i.n./i.o. one dose, 106 EID50 [54]
H7N3
H7N8		 HA
HA/HA + NA		 La Sota
La Sota/
chiNDV-2FHN		 mouse
chicken		 i.n.
i.n.		 two doses, 104 or 106 ffu
prime, chimeric-vector vaccines, 105 pfu;
boost, La Sota-vector vaccines, 5 × 105 pfu		 [55]
[56]
H6N2 HA Clone 30 chicken/turkey o.n. one dose, 106 (chicken)/107 (turkey)EID50 [57]
IBDV
IBDV		 VP2
VP2		 La Sota
F		 chicken
chicken		 i.o. one or two dose, 104 ELD50
two dose, 106 EID50 		[58]
[59]
IBDV VP2 rLaC30L chicken embryo in ovo one dose, 105.5, 104.5, 103.5, 102.5EID50 [60]
ILTV gB/gD La Sota chicken i.n./i.o. one dose, 106 TCID50 [61]
ILTV gB/gC/gD La Sota chicken o.n. two doses, 2 × 105 TCID50 [62]
IBV S La Sota chicken o.n. one or two dose, 106 pfu [63]
IBV S1 La Sota chicken o.n. one or two dose, 106 pfu [64]
IBV S1 (multi-epitope) La Sota chicken o.n. one dose, 106 EID50 [65]
AMPV G La Sota turkey i.n./i.o. one or two dose, 106 TCID50 [66]
AMPV F+G La Sota turkey i.n./i.o. one dose, 106 TCID50 [34]
FAdV fiber 2 La Sota chicken i.m. one dose, 107 EID50 [67]
GoAstV Cap SH12 gosling o.n. one dose, 107 TCID50 [68]
GPV VP3 NA gosling s.c. two doses, 106 EID50 [69]
DTMUV prM+E GM duck s.c. two doses, 106 EID50 [70]
Bornavirus N/P Clone 30 cockatiel/canary i.m. 105.9-6.1 (cockatiel)/106.6 ffu (canary) [71]
BEFV G La Sota cattle i.m. two doses, 8 × 107 EID50 [72]
BHV-1 gD La Sota calf i.n./i.t. one dose, 1.5 × 107 pfu [73]
CDV F/H La Sota mink i.m. two doses, 2 × 109 EID50 [74]
Rabies G La Sota dog i.m. three doses, 109.8/109.3/108.3 EID50 [75]
CSFV E2/Erns La Sota pig i.n. two doses, 103 TCID50 [76]
PRRSV GP5/GP3 + GP5 La Sota piglet i.m. two doses, 4 × 108 EID50 [77]
VSV G La Sota mouse i.m. two doses, 107 TCID50 [78]
HIV-1 Gag Hitchner B1 mouse i.n. prime, 5 × 105 pfu; boost, 106 pfu [79]
HIV-1 Gag La Sota mouse i.n. prime, 5 × 105 ffu; boost, 106 ffu [80]
HIV-1 Gag/Env/ Gag + Env La Sota guinea pig/mouse i.n. two doses, 2 × 105 (guinea pig)/4 × 103 (mouse) pfu [81]
SIV gp160 La Sota/
chiNDV-2FHN		 guinea pig i.n. two doses, 105 TCID50 [82]
EBOV GP BC/La Sota monkey i.n./i.t. two doses, 107 pfu [83]
EBOV GP APMV-3/
chiNDV-3FHN		 guinea pig i.n. two doses, 2 × 106 TCID50 [84]
HPIV-3 HN BC monkey i.n./i.t. two doses, 106.5 pfu [85]
NiV G/F La Sota pig i.m. two doses, 2 × 109 EID50 [86]
NV VP1 + VP2 BC/La Sota mouse i.n. three doses, 106 EID50 [87]
SARS-CoV S BC/La Sota monkey i.n./i.t. two doses, 107 pfu [88]
MERS-CoV S La Sota mouse/camel i.m. two doses, 108 (mouse)/
2 × 109(camel) EID50 		[89]
RSV F Hitchner B1 mouse i.n. one dose, 5 × 105 pfu [90]
poliovirus P1 + 3CD La Sota guinea pig i.n. two doses, 105 pfu [91]
Lyme BmpA/OspC La Sota hamster i.n./i.m./i.p. two doses, 106 pfu [92]
RVFV Gn La Sota cattle i.n. /i.m. two doses, 106.3 (i.n.)/ 2 × 107 (i.m.) TCID50 [93]
WNV PrM/E La Sota mouse/house i.m. two doses, 108 (mouse)/
2 × 109 (horse) EID50 		[94]
JEV E/NS1 La Sota mouse i.n. one dose, 106 EID50 [95]
melanoma PD1/PD-L1/CTLA4 La Sota mouse i.t five injections, 1 × 107 pfu [96]
melanoma PD1/PD-L1/CD28 La Sota mouse i.t five injections, 1 × 106 pfu [97]

IBDV, infectious bursal disease virus; ILTV, infectious laryngotracheitis virus; IBV, infectious bronchitis virus; AMPV, avian metapneumovirus; FAdV, fowl adenovirus; GoAstV, goose origin avastrovirus; GPV, goose parvovirus; DTMUV, duck tembusu virus; BEFV, bovine ephemeral fever virus; BHV-1, bovine herpesvirus-1; CDV, canine distemper virus; CSFV, classical swine fever virus; PRRSV, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus; VSV, vesicular stomatitis virus; HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus-1; SIV, simian immunodeficiency virus; EBOV, Ebola virus; HPIV-3, human parainfluenza virus type-3; NiV, Nipah virus; NV, norwalk virus; SARS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus; MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; RVFV, Rift Valley fever virus; WNV, West Nile virus; JEV, Japanese encephalitis virus; HA/H/HN, hemagglutinin; NA, neuraminidase; M1, matrix 1; NS1, non-structural protein 1; HA1, hemagglutinin subunit 1; VP1/2/3, viral protein 1/2/3; gB/gC/gD, glycoprotein B/C/D; S, spike; S1, spike subunit 1; G, glycoprotein; F, fusion; Cap, capsid protein; prM, pre-membrane protein; E, envelop protein; N, nucleoprotein; P, phosphoprotein; E2/Erns, envelop glycoproteins; GP3/5, glycoprotein 3/5; P1, capsid protein precursor; 3CD, viral protease; PD1, programmed cell death-1; PD-L1, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1; CTLA4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4; APMV, avian paramyxovirus; chiNDV-2FHN, chimeric NDV-APMV 2 virus; chiNDV-8FHN, chimeric NDV-APMV 8 virus; chiNDV-3FHN, chimeric NDV-APMV 3 virus; i.v., intravenous; i.p., intraperitoneal; o.n., oculonasal; i.m., intramuscular; i.n., intranasal; i.o., intraocular; i.t., intratumoral; s.c., subcutaneous; pfu, plaque forming unit; EID50, 50% embryo infectious dose; TCID50, 50% tissue culture infectious dose; ffu, focus forming unit; ELD50, 50% embryo lethal dose.