Table 1.
The role of cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) in various cancers and the associated mechanism.
| Cancer Type | CDK12′s Function | Mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Breast cancer (HER2 1 -positive breast cancer) | Tumor promoter | Overexpression of CDK12 regulates the splicing of ATM 5 and DNAJB6-L 6 and actives WNT 7 and IRS1-ErbB-PI3K 8 signaling | [20,59] |
| Breast cancer (TNBC 2) | Tumor suppressor | Loss of CDK12 leads to downregulation of DDR 9 genes | [61,76] |
| Ovarian cancer (HGSOC 3) | Tumor suppressor | Loss of CDK12 leads to downregulation of DDR 9 genes | [21,63,65] |
| Prostate cancer (mCRPC 4) | Tumor suppressor | Loss of CDK12 leads to downregulation of DDR 9 genes | [68,69] |
| Gastric cancer | Tumor promoter | Overexpression of CDK12 actives the CDK12/CCL21 10 pathway | [75] |
1 HER2: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 2 TNBC: triple-negative breast cancer 3 HGSOC: high-grade serous ovarian cancer 4 mCRPC: metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer 5 ATM: ataxia telangiectasia-mutated 6 DNAJB6-L: the long isoform of DNAJB6 (DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 6, MRJ) 7 WNT: Wingless-Integrated 8 IRS1-ErbB-PI3K: IRS1 (insulin receptor substrate-1)-ErbB (epidermal growth factor receptor)-PI3K (phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase) 9 DDR: DNA damage response 10 CCL21: CC-chemokine ligand 21.