Table 3.
Nutritional risk factors according to the SCREEN II compared between countries, with data from online websites.
| Total | The Netherlands | New Zealand | Canada | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 12,237 | n = 2482 | n = 293 | n = 9538 | |
|
Change in weight in last six months (gained or lost ≥ 2.5 kg) |
6023 (49.2%) | 964 (38.8%) | 119 (54.8%) | 4940 (51.8%) |
| OR | ref | 1.91 (1.33–2.76) | 1.59 (1.31–1.92) | |
| adjusted OR * | 2.00 (1.38–2.89) | 1.73 (1.43–2.10) | ||
| Unintentional weight change last six months | 1703 (13.9%) | 245 (9.9%) | 45 (20.7%) | 1413 (14.8%) |
| OR | ref | 2.39 (1.50–3.80) | 1.48 (1.24–1.76) | |
| adjusted OR * | 2.87 (1.79–4.61) | 1.62 (1.35–1.93) | ||
|
Perception bodyweight (more or less than it should be) |
8864 (72.4%) | 1554 (62.6%) | 145 (66.8%) | 7165 (75.1%) |
| OR | ref | 1.20 (0.82–1.77) | 1.80 (1.59–2.04) | |
| adjusted OR ** | 1.13 (0.77–1.67) | 1.74 (1.54–1.97) | ||
|
Skipping meals (sometimes or more frequent) |
4632 (37.9%) | 536 (21.6%) | 64 (29.5%) | 4032 (42.3%) |
| OR | ref | 1.52 (1.01–2.27) | 2.66 (2.32–3.05) | |
| adjusted OR * | 1.62 (1.08–2.42) | 2.76 (2.40–3.16) | ||
| Limitation or avoiding certain products | 6148 (50.2%) | 1011 (40.7%) | 100 (46.1%) | 5037 (52.8%) |
| OR | ref | 1.24 (0.86–1.79) | 1.63 (1.45–1.83) | |
| adjusted OR * | 1.27 (0.88– 1.83) | 1.63 (1.45–1.84) | ||
| Fair/poor Appetite | 2595 (21.2%) | 597 (24.1%) | 55 (25.3%) | 1943 (20.4%) |
| OR | ref | 1.07 (0.70–1.63) | 0.81 (0.70–0.93) | |
| adjusted OR * | 1.35 (0.87–2.08) | 0.88 (0.76–1.02) | ||
|
Low intake fruit or vegetables per day (three or less portions) |
6455 (52.7%) | 1674 (67.4%) | 85 (39.2%) | 4696 (49.2%) |
| OR | ref | 0.31 (0.21–0.45) | 0.38 (0.28–0.52) | |
| adjusted OR * | 0.32 (0.22–0.46) | 0.48 (0.42–0.54) | ||
|
Low intake of meat, eggs, fish or meat substitute (once a day or less) |
5113 (41.8%) | 1376 (55.4%) | 124 (57.1%) | 3613 (37.9%) |
| OR | ref | 1.07 (0.74–1.55) | 0.49 (0.44–0.55) | |
| adjusted OR * | 1.12 (0.77–1.62) | 0.50 (0.45–0.56) | ||
|
Low dairy intake (one portion a day or less) |
7434 (60.8%) | 1373 (55.3%) | 142 (65.4%) | 5919 (62.1%) |
| OR | ref | 1.53 (1.04–2.24) | 1.32 (1.18–1.49) | |
| adjusted OR * | 1.51 (1.03–2.22) | 1.32 (1.17–1.48) | ||
|
Low fluid intake (≤four glasses) |
4514 (36.9%) | 622 (25.1%) | 65 (30.0%) | 3827 (40.1%) |
| OR | ref | 1.28 (0.86–1.91) | 2.00 (1.76–2.28) | |
| adjusted OR * | 1.41 (0.94–2.11) | 2.16 (1.89–2.46) | ||
|
Problems with coughing, choking or pain when swallowing (sometimes or often) |
2245 (18.3%) | 437 (17.6%) | 37 (17.1%) | 1771 (18.6%) |
| OR | ref | 0.96 (0.59–1.56) | 1.07 (0.92–1.24) | |
| adjusted OR * | 1.08 (0.66–1.77) | 1.12 (0.96–1.31) | ||
| Problems with biting or chewing (sometimes or often) | 2187 (17.9%) | 369 (14.9%) | 44 (20.3%) | 1774 (18.6%) |
| OR | ref | 1.46 (0.92–2.30) | 1.31 (1.12–1.54) | |
| adjusted OR * | 1.78 (1.12–2.85) | 1.44 (1.22–1.70) | ||
|
Use of meal replacements/supplements (sometimes or more frequent) |
2362 (19.3%) | 236 (9.5%) | 31 (14.3%) | 2095 (22.0%) |
| OR | ref | 1.59 (0.93–2.69) | 2.68 (2.22–3.23) | |
| adjusted OR * | 1.78 (1.04– 3.03) | 2.89 (2.39–3.49) | ||
|
Eating meals with others (sometimes or fewer) |
5143 (42.0%) | 1014 (40.9%) | 125 (57.6%) | 4004 (42.0%) |
| OR | ref | 1.97 (1.36– 2.85) | 1.05 (0.93–1.18) | |
| adjusted OR * | 2.31 (1.58–3.35) | 1.12 (0.99–1.26) | ||
|
Meal preparation (meal preparation is hard/I do not enjoy the meals that were prepared for me) |
6123 (50.0%) | 984 (39.6%) | 135 (62.2%) | 5004 (52.5%) |
| OR | ref | 2.51 (1.72–3.65) | 1.68 (1.49–1.89) | |
| adjusted OR * | 2. 94 (2.00–4. 33) | 1.77 (1.57–2.00) | ||
|
Problems with doing groceries (sometimes or more often) |
2794 (22.8%) | 433 (17.4%) | 61 (28.1%) | 2300 (24.1%) |
| OR | ref | 1.85 (1.22–2.79) | 1.50 (1.30–1.75) | |
| adjusted OR * | 2.42 (1.58–3.71) | 1.72 (1.48–2.01) |
Note: data is presented as number (percentage) or OR (99%CI) * adjusted for age and gender. Bold = significantly different from reference category.