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. 2020 Jun 12;21(12):4194. doi: 10.3390/ijms21124194

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Morphology and elemental analyses of fibronectin-adsorbed (FN) and UV-treated and fibronectin-adsorbed (UV/FN) implant interfaces at the early healing stage of week two. A 1-h adsorption protocol was used. Implants were retrieved after the push-in test; the tissue interfaces were exposed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). FN-adsorbed and UV/FN-treated implants were compared. Third zones of the implant from each of the superior (cortical), mid (transitional), and apical (bone marrow) areas are presented with the EDS spectrum obtained from the respective areas. The arrows show the results of the EDS analysis in those areas. Calculated Ca/C, Ca/P, and Ti/Ca ratios are also presented. Scale bar = 1 mm.