| ALP | alkaline phosphatase |
| BMP-2 | bone morphogenetic protein-2 |
| CLSM | confocal laser scanning microscopy |
| FN | fibronectin |
| ddH2O | double-distilled H2O |
| EDS | energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy |
| RGD | arginine-glycine-aspartate |
| SEM | scanning electron microscopy |
| UV | ultraviolet |
| WST | water-soluble tetrazolium salts |
| XPS | x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy |