ACVR1/ALK2	Activin A receptor type 1/activin-like kinase 2
ALP	alkaline phosphatase
BAF60c	60 KDa BRG-1/Brm-Associated Factor Subunit C
BAP	bone-specific isoform of alkaline phosphatase
BMP	bone morphogenetic protein
CD	cluster of differentiation
CDC6	cell division cycle 6 protein
COL-1	collagen alpha 1
COX-2	cyclooxygenase-2
CRP	C-reactive protein
CTDA	cervical total disc arthroplasty
CTX-1	type I collagen cross-linked C-telopeptide
Dlx5	Distal-Less Homeobox 5
DVT	deep venous thrombosis
ECM	extracellular matrix
ENO3	enolase 3
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinase
FAP	fibro-adipogenic progenitors
FOP	fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive
FSP1	fibroblast-specific protein 1
GLAST	glial high affinity glutamate transporter
GLI1	glioma-associated oncogene 1
GNAS	guanine nucleotide-binding protein, subunit alpha
HDAC	histone deacetylase
HGF	hepatocyte growth factor
HIF1α	hypoxia-inducible factor 1α
HLA	human leukocyte antigen
HO	heterotopic ossification
ID-1	DNA-Binding Protein Inhibitor ID-1
IFN γ	interferon γ
IFOPA	international FOP Association
IGF1	insulin-like growth factor 1
IL	Interleukin
iPSC	induced pluripotent stem cell
LTA	lipoteichoic acid
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinases
MCK	muscle creatine kinase
MCM2	minichromosome maintenance complex component 2
MCP-1	monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
MHC	myosin heavy chains
miRNA	microRNA
MIS	micro-invasive surgery
MRF	myogenic regulatory factor
MRI	magnetic resonance imaging
MRSA	methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
MSC	mesenchymal stromal cell
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin
NF-κB	Nuclear factor-κB
NG2	neural-glial antigen 2
NHO	neurogenic heterotopic ossification
NSAID	nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
NT-3	neurotrophin-3
OC/BGLAP	osteocalcin/Bone Gamma-Carboxyglutamate Protein
OMD	Osteomodulin
OSX/Sp7	Osterix
Pax7	paired box transcription factor 7
PDGFRα	platelet derived growth factor receptor α
PGE2	prostaglandin E2
PIC	PW1 interstitial cell
POH	progressive osseous heteroplasia
Prx1	peroxiredoxin Prx1
ROM	range of motion
RT	Radiotherapy
RUNX2	runt-related transcription factor 2
SC	satellite cell
SCA1	stem cell antigen 1
SCI	spinal cord injury
Scx	Scleraxis
Sox6	SRY-Box Transcription Factor 6
SP cell	side population cell
SPECT	single-photon emission computed tomography
SWI/SNF	SWItch/Sucrose NonFermentable
TAB1	TAK1 binding protein
TBI	traumatic brain injury
TBX18	T-box transcription factor 18
TCF1	T cell factor 1
TGFβ	transforming growth factor β
THR	total hip replacement
TIE2	angiopoietin receptor
TLR	toll-like receptor
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor-α
TRAF6	TNF Receptor Associated Factor 6
TWIST2	Twist Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor 2/DERMO1
VE-cadherin	vascular endothelial cadherin (Cdh15)
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
VTE	venous thromboembolism
WNT	wingless/integrated