Table 2.

Specific oxylipins and their functions in cardiovascular regeneration.

Oxylipins in Cardiovascular Regeneration
Lipid	Function	Reference
5,6-EET 8,9-EET	Stimulate proliferation in murine microvascular endothelial cells and angiogenesis in mice	[315]
8,9-EET	Attenuates apoptosis in primary rat cardiac myocytes after hypoxia and reoxygenation	[316]
11-HETE	Inhibits proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells	[317]
15-HETE	Inhibits PMN migration across cytokine-activated human endothelium cells in culture	[318]
20-HETE	Stimulates proliferation of rat aorta vascular smooth muscle cells Stimulates inflammatory cytokine production in human vascular endothelial cells	[319] [320]
5-oxo-ETE	Stimulates human eosinophil migration	[321]
15-oxo-ETE	Inhibits human vascular vein endothelial cell proliferation	[322]
18-HEPE	Inhibits macrophage-mediated activation of murine cardiac fibroblasts and prevents pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis and inflammation in mice	[323]
14S,21-diHDHA	Enhances wound healing in murine models	[324]
9,10-diHOME	Decreases left ventricular developed pressure and increases coronary resistance after ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice	[325]
HxA3	Recruits human PMN to sites of inflammation	[326]
LxA4 LxB4	Stimulate phospholipid remodeling without causing aggregation in human neutrophils	[327]
PGE2	Enhances cardiomyocyte replenishment after MI in young mice and rescues cardiomyocyte replenishment after MI in aged mice	[292]
	Inhibition enhances reprogramming of mouse tail-tip fibroblasts to cardiac cells	[295]
TxA2	Stimulates mitogenesis of guinea-pig coronary artery smooth muscle cells	[328]
MaR1	Accelerates planarian regeneration, increases human macrophage efferocytosis, decreases PMN infiltration in mice	[310]
MCTR1,2,3	Stimulate planarian tissue regeneration, increase macrophage efferocytosis, reduce neutrophil infiltration, counteract leukotriene effects on the heart	[311,312,314]
Abbreviations: diHDHA, dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid; diHOME, dihydroxyoctadecenoic acid; EET, epoxyeicosatrienoic acid; HEPE, hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid; HETE, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; Hx, hepoxilin; Lx, lipoxin; MaR, maresin; MCTR, maresin conjugate in tissue regeneration; MI, myocardial infarction; oxo-ETE, oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid; PG, prostaglandin; PMN, polymorphonuclear leukocyte; Tx, thromboxane