Table 2.
The association between family caregiver burden and subjective well-being, multivariable linear regression analysis (men).
| Variable | Category | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | |||||
| Family caregiver burden | None | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Mild | −0.04 | 0.10 | −0.05 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.15 | ||||
| Severe | −0.19 | 0.14 | −0.21 | 0.14 | −0.07 | 0.23 | ||||
| Social participation | No participation | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| Participation | 0.25 | *** | 0.05 | 0.27 | *** | 0.05 | ||||
| Family caregiver burden × social participation | Mild × participation | −0.17 | 0.20 | |||||||
| Severe × participation | −0.22 | 0.29 | ||||||||
| Age (years) | ≤49 | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| 50 to 59 | 0.16 | † | 0.09 | 0.17 | † | 0.09 | 0.17 | † | 0.09 | |
| 60 to 69 | 0.32 | *** | 0.09 | 0.30 | ** | 0.09 | 0.29 | ** | 0.09 | |
| ≥70 | 0.30 | ** | 0.10 | 0.24 | ** | 0.10 | 0.24 | ** | 0.10 | |
| Marital status | Married | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Divorced/separated | −0.20 | * | 0.10 | −0.20 | * | 0.10 | −0.21 | * | 0.10 | |
| Never married | −0.66 | *** | 0.13 | −0.63 | *** | 0.13 | −0.64 | *** | 0.13 | |
| Living arrangement | Living alone | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Living with spouse | 0.36 | ** | 0.13 | 0.35 | ** | 0.13 | 0.34 | ** | 0.13 | |
| Living with two or more generations | 0.38 | ** | 0.12 | 0.36 | ** | 0.12 | 0.36 | ** | 0.12 | |
| Other | 0.06 | 0.22 | 0.08 | 0.22 | 0.08 | 0.22 | ||||
| Family relationship | Excellent | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Good | −0.70 | *** | 0.05 | −0.69 | *** | 0.05 | −0.69 | *** | 0.05 | |
| Not good | −1.64 | *** | 0.09 | −1.64 | *** | 0.09 | −1.65 | *** | 0.09 | |
| Educational attainment (years) | ≤9 | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| 10 to 12 | -0.04 | 0.07 | -0.05 | 0.07 | -0.05 | 0.07 | ||||
| ≥13 | −0.05 | 0.07 | −0.06 | 0.07 | −0.06 | 0.07 | ||||
| Employment status | Regular employment | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Irregular employment | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.09 | ||||
| Not in employment | −0.02 | 0.07 | −0.06 | 0.07 | −0.06 | 0.07 | ||||
| Other | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.10 | ||||
| Cancer | No | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Yes | −0.01 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.10 | ||||
| Heart disease | No | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Yes | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | ||||
| Stroke | No | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Yes | 0.05 | 0.18 | 0.06 | 0.18 | 0.06 | 0.18 | ||||
| Self-rated health | Poor | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Good | 0.59 | *** | 0.06 | 0.57 | *** | 0.06 | 0.57 | *** | 0.06 | |
| Smoking | Never/past | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Current | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.06 | ||||
| Drinking | Never/past | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Current | -0.02 | 0.05 | -0.04 | 0.05 | -0.03 | 0.05 | ||||
*, p < 0.5; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; †, p < 0.1. β, unstandardized regression coefficient; SE, standard error.