Table 2.
Estimated association between healthcare capacity and deaths adjusting for other covariates (n = 86).
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 |
|---|---|---|
| IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | |
| Intercept | 0.0007 (0.0001–0.0039)a | 0.0021 (0.0004–0.0115)a |
| Population density (log)1 | 1.0749 (0.9299–1.2409) | 1.1090 (0.9492–1.2924) |
| Population ages 65 and above2 | 1.1010 (1.0381–1.1684)a | 1.0754 (1.0123 to 1.1433)b |
| Healthcare capacity index (continuous) | 0.5811 (0.4727–0.7184)a | |
| Healthcare capacity index (reference: low) | 1.0000 | |
| Middle | 0.4682 (0.2703–0.8087)b | |
| High | 0.2846 (0.1440–0.5646)a | |
| Current health expenditure3 | 1.1804 (1.0818–1.2917)a | 1.1346 (1.0403–1.2427)b |
| NCD-related deaths4 | 1.0165 (0.9987–1.0337) | 1.0162 (0.9969–1.0350) |
| Civil society (reference: open) | ||
| Narrowed | 0.8050 (0.5072–1.2693) | 0.8471 (0.5035–1.4237) |
| Obstructed | 1.0967 (0.6051–2.0133) | 1.1634 (0.6177–2.2290) |
| Repressed | 1.3378 (0.6966–2.5872) | 1.4645 (0.7157–3.0250) |
| Closed | 0.8878 (0.4424–1.8276) | 0.8591 (0.3995–1.9051) |
| R2 Nagelkerke | 0.578 | 0.484 |
| AIC | 1164.220 | 1175.443 |
IRR, incidence rate ratio; CI, confidence interval; p-value: bp < 0.01; ap < 0·001; AIC, Akaike information criteria.
1
Population density (people per square km of land area).
2
Population ages 65 and above (% of total population).
3
Current health expenditure as a % of GDP.
4
Cause of death, by non-communicable diseases (percentage of total).