A) DNA damage detected in PBMCs with (gray) and without (black) an enzyme cocktail consisting of APE1, FpG, Endo III, Endo IV, Endo VIII. DNA polymerase 1 and T4 DNA ligase are used for all samples. Each value represents mean ± SD. ** represents p < 0.01 and *p < 0.05 as measured by two tailed t-tests with equal variance from three separate experiments. B) DNA damage detected in PBMCs irradiated with IR doses of 0 Gy, 2 Gy and 25 Gy, without (dark gray) and with (light gray) the APE1 enzyme in the enzyme cocktail. Each value represents mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 as measured by two tailed t-tests with equal variance from three separate experiments.