Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of the study participants according to Lp(a) categories
| Variables | All patients | Lp (a) categories (mg/dL) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 2284) | < 10 | 10 ~ 30 | ≥30 | ||
| (n = 846) | (n = 769) | (n = 669) | |||
| Clinical characteristics | |||||
| Age, years | 58.54 ± 10.47 | 57.99 ± 10.66 | 58.74 ± 10.61 | 59.00 ± 10.06 | 0.143 |
| Male, n (%) | 1674 (73.3) | 663 (78.4) | 550 (71.5) | 461 (68.9) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1589 (69.6) | 607 (71.8) | 529 (68.8) | 453 (67.8) | 0.199 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 1817 (79.6) | 677 (80.1) | 612 (79.7) | 528 (79.0) | 0.885 |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 1312 (57.4) | 507 (59.9) | 445 (57.9) | 360 (53.8) | 0.052 |
| Family history of CAD, n (%) | 312 (13.7) | 103 (12.2) | 109 (14.2) | 100 (14.9) | 0.281 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.35 ± 3.15 | 26.64 ± 3.12 | 26.18 ± 3.27 | 26.19 ± 3.02 | 0.005 |
| SBP, mmHg | 128 ± 17 | 128 ± 17 | 128 ± 18 | 127 ± 16 | 0.288 |
| DBP, mmHg | 78 ± 16 | 78 ± 11 | 78 ± 22 | 77 ± 11 | 0.133 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 71 ± 10 | 72 ± 10 | 71 ± 10 | 71 ± 11 | 0.163 |
| Laboratory and clinical parameters | |||||
| FBG, mmol/L | 7.24 ± 2.31 | 7.33 ± 2.35 | 7.23 ± 2.34 | 7.12 ± 2.24 | 0.220 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.39 ± 1.26 | 7.35 ± 1.22 | 7.44 ± 1.29 | 7.38 ± 1.28 | 0.311 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.08 ± 1.18 | 3.97 ± 1.21 | 4.02 ± 1.10 | 4.29 ± 1.20 | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.01 ± 0.27 | 1.00 ± 0.27 | 1.01 ± 0.26 | 1.03 ± 0.28 | 0.054 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.45 ± 0.97 | 2.28 ± 0.92 | 2.42 ± 0.90 | 2.69 ± 1.06 | < 0.001 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.56 (1.17–2.20) | 1.65 (1.19–2.42) | 1.54 (1.16–2.14) | 1.48 (1.13–2.09) | < 0.001 |
| Lp (a), mg/dL | 15.01 (6.60–34.76) | 5.22 (3.32–7.33) | 17.19 (13.11–22.54) | 52.94 (38.85–79.41) | < 0.001 |
| ApoAI, g/L | 1.31 ± 0.30 | 1.32 ± 0.35 | 1.29 ± 0.26 | 1.31 ± 0.29 | 0.179 |
| ApoB, g/L | 0.92 ± 0.30 | 0.87 ± 0.29 | 0.90 ± 0.28 | 0.99 ± 0.31 | < 0.001 |
| Diseased vessels, n (%) | 0.016 | ||||
| One vessel | 430 (18.8) | 174 (20.6) | 151 (19.6) | 105 (15.7) | |
| Two vessels | 677 (29.6) | 273 (32.3) | 218 (28.4) | 186 (27.8) | |
| Multi-vessels | 1138 (49.8) | 382 (45.1) | 391 (50.8) | 365 (54.5) | |
| LVEF, % | 62.3 ± 8.7 | 62.3 ± 8.8 | 62.3 ± 9.1 | 62.2 ± 8.2 | 0.971 |
| Medications | |||||
| Aspirin, n (%) | 2227 (97.5) | 827 (97.7) | 753 (97.8) | 647 (96.8) | 0.418 |
| P2Y12 inhibitor, n (%) | 2040 (89.3) | 750 (88.6) | 703 (91.4) | 587 (87.8) | 0.070 |
| Statins, n (%) | 2133 (93.4) | 783 (92.7) | 730 (94.9) | 620 (92.7) | 0.150 |
| ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 1215 (53.2) | 453 (53.6) | 402 (52.3) | 360 (53.8) | 0.825 |
| β-blockers, n (%) | 1886 (82.6) | 711 (84.0) | 617 (80.2) | 558 (83.4) | 0.117 |
| CCB, n (%) | 875 (38.3) | 335 (39.6) | 295 (38.3) | 245 (36.7) | 0.513 |
| Anti-diabetes treatment | 0.757 | ||||
| Oral drugs | 1311 (57.4) | 488 (57.7) | 435 (56.6) | 388 (58.0) | |
| Insulin | 726 (31.8) | 259 (30.6) | 254 (33.0) | 213 (31.9) | |
Continuous values are summarized as mean ± SD, median (Q1–Q3) and categorical variables as n (%)
Lp(a) lipoprotein(a), CAD coronary artery disease, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FBG fasting blood glucose, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin, TC total cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglyceride, ApoAI apolipoprotein AI, ApoB apolipoprotein B, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB angiotensin receptor blockers, CCB calcium channel blockers