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. 2020 Jun 18;8(2):317. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8020317

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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H&E revealed enhanced immune infiltrates and reduced tumor staining following combined therapy. (A) IHC of tumor sections revealed enhanced (i) CD3 T cell staining (brown), (ii) tumor cell apoptosis (brown), (iii) perforin, (iv) and granzyme B staining (brown) following combined therapy. (B) Stained areas of tumors were quantified by microscopy of IHC-stained paraffin-embedded sections. Anti-PD-1 plus CCL21-DC lysate vaccine treatment led to the highest levels of CD3 T cells, perforin, and granzyme B and greatest reduction in tumor burden, as denoted by enhanced caspase-3-stained apoptotic tumor cells compared with diluent control and monotherapy. Bars represent SE; p < 0.01 compared with diluent-treated control; p < 0.05 compared with monotherapy. Results are representative of a single experiment (n = 4 mice/group).

H&E revealed enhanced immune infiltrates and reduced tumor staining following combined therapy. (A) IHC of tumor sections revealed enhanced (i) CD3 T cell staining (brown), (ii) tumor cell apoptosis (brown), (iii) perforin, (iv) and granzyme B staining (brown) following combined therapy. (B) Stained areas of tumors were quantified by microscopy of IHC-stained paraffin-embedded sections. Anti-PD-1 plus CCL21-DC lysate vaccine treatment led to the highest levels of CD3 T cells, perforin, and granzyme B and greatest reduction in tumor burden, as denoted by enhanced caspase-3-stained apoptotic tumor cells compared with diluent control and monotherapy. Bars represent SE; p < 0.01 compared with diluent-treated control; p < 0.05 compared with monotherapy. Results are representative of a single experiment (n = 4 mice/group).