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. 2020 Jun 19;8(2):321. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8020321

Figure 9.

Figure 9

CVV and anti-PD-1-based combination therapy restores antitumor immunity in the TME. Simultaneous CVV and anti-PD-1 combination therapy induced CD8+ PD-1+ T-cell infiltration in the TME. Oncolysis of cancer cells by CVV might activate cancer-specific CD8+ PD-1+ T-cells. Oncolysis and decrease of PD-1 and tumor cell interaction by anti-PD-1 might inhibit tumor growth. CVV, cancer-favoring oncolytic vaccinia virus; PD-1, programmed cell death protein-1; TME, tumor microenvironment; TAA, tumor-associated antigen.