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. 2020 Jun 13;9(6):467. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9060467

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Activation of the innate immune response. DNA damaging agents and/or aberrant release of DNA fragments into the cytoplasm can activate the innate immune response. This can often attenuate cellular growth. As HPV activate the DDR, they must suppress the innate immune response. See text for details.