Table 1.
Defintions of covariates
| Theme | Covariatea | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| Access to healthcare | ||
| Health facility density | Number of health facilities per 100,000 population. | |
| Vaccination coverage | Percentage of fully immunized children between 12 and 23 months. | |
| Under-five mortality rate | Number of deaths of children under five per 1000 live births. | |
| Socioeconomic status | ||
| Poverty headcount ratio | Percentage of the total population living below the national poverty line. | |
| Literacy rate | Percentage of the population older than 15 who can read and write. | |
| Demography & key populations | ||
| Sex ratio | Number of males per 100 females. | |
| Elderly population | Percentage of population over 65 years of age. | |
| Ageing index | Number of persons aged 60 or over per 100 persons under the age of 15. | |
| Stunting | Percentage of children under five with a height-for-age z-score below −2 standard deviations, from the median of the reference population. | |
| Migrant distribution | Percentage of total internal migrant population per area. | |
| Miners | Percentage of wage earners in mining industry/ total population in mining and quarrying industry. | |
| Population density | Number of persons per square kilometre. | |
| Security | Districts of Pakistan that were frequently reported as “insecure”. | |
| Quality of TB diagnostic and treatment services | ||
| Testing rate | Number of persons tested for TB per 100,000 population. | |
| Test positivity rate | Percentage of tested individuals with a positive test result. | |
| Bacteriologically diagnosed | Proportion of total cases with a bacteriologically confirmed test result. | |
| Treatment success rate | Proportion of notified cases who have completed their treatment. | |
aNot all covariates were available for all countries