Table 7.
Results of the univariable and multivariable analyses for Pakistan and global Moran’s I of the residuals of the multivariable models
| Univariable | Non-spatial multivariable a | Spatial multivariable b | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Covariate | B | CI | B | CI | B | CI |
| Constant | – | – | 25.00*** | 25.60–60.60 | 24.06*** | 23.60–57.97 |
| Testing rate | 0.04*** | 0.02–0.07 | 0.08*** | 0.05–0.11 | 0.08*** | 0.05–0.10 |
| Test positivity rate | 4.04*** | 2.20–5.91 | 4.32*** | 2.6–6.08 | 4.29*** | 2.73–5.87 |
| Bacteriologically diagnosed | −1.84*** | −2.58 – − 1.10 | −1.43*** | − 2.06 - -0.8 | −1.45*** | −2.02 - -0.88 |
| Treatment success rate | 0.99 | 0.97–1.02 | 0.06 | −1.45 - 1.59 | 0.07 | −1.34 - 1.5 |
| Vaccination coverage | 1.88*** | 1.38–2.38 | 1.15*** | 0.52–1.78 | 1.17*** | 0.61–1.72 |
| Migrant distribution | 1.5*** | 1.06–1.9 | 0.61 | −0.63 - 1.86 | 0.64 | −0.51 - 1.81 |
| Facility density | −9.19 | −20.01 – 3.10 | 20.64** | 7.94–34.84 | 20.41*** | 8.42–33.72 |
| Poverty headcount ratio | −1.87*** | − 90.40 – −75.37 | 6.42 | −36.05 - 77.09 | 16.56 | −25.55 - 82.48 |
| Stunting | −1.27* | −2.47 – −0.05 | 1.55 | −1.18 - 4.37 | 1.52 | −0.94 - 4.04 |
| Under-five mortality rate | −1.86** | −2.15 – −0.47 | −0.55 | − 2.19 - 1.1 | − 0.55 | −2.06 - 0.99 |
| Security | − 0.11 | − 0.43 – − 0.21 | −7.35 | −45.33 - 56.99 | − 7.85 | −42.66 - 48.11 |
| Global Moran’s I of the residuals | 0.11 | −0.04 | ||||
| P-value of global Moran’s I | 0.01 | 0.14 | ||||
aGeneralized linear multivariable model for the natural logarithm of the TB case notification rate; not adjusted for spatial autocorrelation
bSimultaneous autoregressive multivariable model for the natural logarithm of the TB case notification rate; adjusted for spatial autocorrelation
All coefficients (B) are exponentiated and reflect percentage change in TB case notification rate
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001