Table 1.
Recorded food taxa in Northern and Southern Bukovina. DUR Detailed Use Reports; RO Romanian Hutsuls; UA Ukrainian Hutsuls
| Latin name, Family and voucher specimens | Local names | Used part(s) | Preparation | DUR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RO | UA | ||||
|
Acer spp. including Acer pseudoplatanus L. (Sapindaceae) NB225; NB226 |
Paltin; явір; клен (Yavir; klen) | Sap | Drink | 4 | |
| Fruits (dried) | Tea | 4 | |||
|
Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae) SB011; SB050; SB074 NB007; NB017; NB039 |
Coada șoaricelului; деревій (Derevii) | Aerial parts (dried) | Tea | 3 | 2 |
|
Armoracia rusticana P.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. (Brassicaceae) SB031 NB028 |
Hrean; хрень; хрін; хреню (Khren; khrin; khreniu) |
Roots | Salad (with beetroots) | 13 | 3 |
| Seasoning | 7 | ||||
| Raw | 5 | ||||
| Pickles (cucumbers, tomatoes) | 7 | ||||
| Fermenting | 1 | ||||
| Leaves | Pickles (cucumbers) | 1 | |||
| Whole plant | Seasoning | 1 | |||
|
Arnica montana L. (Asteraceae) |
Гарник; арник (Harnyk; arnyk) | Aerial parts (dried) | Tea | 2 | 3 |
| Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott (Rosaceae) |
чорна рябіна (Chorna riabina^) |
Fruits | Kvas | 1 | |
|
Atriplex hortensis L. (Amaranthaceae) SB004; SB018 |
Lobodă; натина§; лобода (natyna§; loboda) | Aerial parts | Soup | 8 | |
| Leaves | Sarmale | 2 | |||
|
Betula pendula Roth (Betulaceae) NB041; NB049; NB115 |
Береза (bereza) | Sap | Drink | 11 | |
| Strong alcohol | 5 | ||||
| Leaves | Mixed tea | 1 | |||
|
Carum carvi L. (Apiaceae) SB007 NB037 |
Săcărică; Cmin; Hmel; хміль§; тмин; хміль польовий§; кмин (Khmil§; tmyn; Khmil polovyi§; kmyn) |
Aerial parts | Tea | 3 | |
| Seasoning | 2 | ||||
| Seeds | Tea | 1 | 5 | ||
| Seasoning | 2 | ||||
| Fermenting | 3 | ||||
| Pickles | 2 | ||||
| Bread additive | 3 | ||||
|
Chenopodium album L. (Amaranthaceae) SB022 NB139 |
Lobodă; натина§; лебеда (Natyna§; lebeda) | Aerial parts | Soup | 3 | 2 |
| Stewed (with cream) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Seasoning (dried) | 1 | ||||
|
Cichorium intybus L. (Asteraceae) |
петрів батіг (Petriv batih) | Aerial parts | Tea | 1 | |
|
Coriandrum sativum L. (Apiaceae) |
колєндра (Koliendra) | Seeds | Smoking (meat seasoning) | 1 | |
|
Corylus avellana L. (Betulaceae) SB089 |
Alune | Fruits | Raw | 5 | |
|
Crataegus spp. including Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (Rosaceae) NB006; NB066 |
Глід (Hlid) | Fruits | Tea | 2 | |
|
Epilobium angustifolium L. (Onagraceae) NB057 |
іван чай, демник§; ;имник§ (ivan chai, demnyk§; dymnyk§) |
Aerial parts | Tea | 3 | |
|
Equisetum spp. including Equisetum arvense L.; Equisetum sylvaticum L (Equisetaceae) SB020 NB068, NB093, NB113, NB114 |
Barba ursului; Coada calului; Padivolos; хвощ польловий, падиволос§; (Khvoshch pollovyi, padyvolos) |
Aerial parts | Tea | 2 | 1 |
|
Fagus sylvatica L. (Fagaceae) SB060, NB168 |
Fag; бук (Buk) | Wood | Smoking (meat) | 19 | 1 |
|
Fragaria vesca L. (Rosaceae) SB094 NB004, NB015, NB056 |
Fragi; Frăguța; ягода§; ягоди; ягода черлена§; (yahoda§; yahody§; yahoda cherlena§) | Fruits | Raw | 4 | 2 |
| Jam | 14 | 9 | |||
| Compote | 3 | 1 | |||
| Dessert | 2 | ||||
| Tea | 2 | ||||
| Juice | 1 | 1 | |||
| Syrup | 2 | ||||
| Frozen | 1 | ||||
|
Gentiana spp. possibly including Gentiana lutea L. and Gentiana asclepiadea L. (Gentianaceae) |
Gingiura | Aerial parts | Infused in strong alcohol | 4 | |
|
Humulus lupulus L. (Cannabaceae) SB081 NB182 |
Hamei; хміль (Khmil) | Flowers | Beer | 6 | |
| Bread starter | 2 | ||||
|
Hypericum spp. including Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae) SB068; SB092 NB005, NB034, NB046, NB085 |
Pojarniță; Sunătoare; звіробій; звіробой (Zvirobii; zviroboi) | Aerial parts | Tea | 3 | 8 |
| Levisticum officinale W.D.J.Koch (Apiaceae) | Любисток (Liubystok) | Aerial parts | Tea | 2 | |
|
Matricaria chamomilla L. (Asteraceae) SB002; SB019 NB127 |
Mușețel; Romaniță; ромашка; романіца; романець; румєниць (Romashka; romanitsa; romanets; rumienyts) | Aerial parts | Tea | 4 | 9 |
|
Mentha spp. (Lamiaceae) SB014; SB016; SB034; SB096 NB079, NB080, NB097 |
Mentă de doi culoari; менти; Mentă tare; Minta; мята (Miata) | Leaves | Tea | 5 | 1 |
|
Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) NB033; NB055; NB021 |
Материнка (Materynka) | Aerial parts | Tea | 4 | |
| Seasoning | 1 | ||||
|
Oxalis acetosella L. (Oxalidaceae) NB058 |
Квасениця звичайна (Kvasenytsia zvychaina) | Leaves | Salad | 1 | |
| Snack | 1 | ||||
|
Papaver rhoeas L. SB044a; SB044b; SB044c |
Mac | Seeds | Food additive | 1 | |
|
Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. (Pinaceae) SB008; SB021 NB043 |
Brad; смерека (Smereka) | Sprouts | Jam | 2 | |
| Wood | Smoking (meat) | 1 | 2 | ||
|
Plantago major L. (Plantaginaceae) NB022; NB047; NB132 |
Подорожник (Podorozhnyk) | Aerial parts | Tea | 2 | |
|
Populus tremula L. (Salicaceae) |
Осика (Osyka) | Wood | Smoking (meat) | 1 | |
|
Primula veris L. (Primulaceae) |
Cioboțica cucului | Aerial parts | Tea | 6 | |
|
Quercus spp. including Quercus robur L. and Quercus rubra L. (Fagaceae) SB056 NB160 |
Stejar; Duba; дуб (Dub) |
Leaves | Pickles (cucumbers) | 3 | |
| Young branches | Pickles | 6 | |||
|
Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae) SB062 NB016; NB083 |
Măceș | Fruits | Tea | 1 | |
|
Rosa rugosa L.; Rosa centifolia L. (Rosaceae) SB023 |
Trandafir; роза (Roza) | Petals | Jam | 14 | |
| Jelly | 2 | ||||
| Syrup | 4 | ||||
| Tea | 4 | ||||
|
Rubus spp. including Rubus caesius L. and Rubus fructicosus L. (Rosaceae) SB083 NB010; NB062;NB063 |
Чорниця; ожина; єжевіка (Chornytsia; ozhyna; yezhevika) Mure; чорниці (Chornytsi) |
Fruits | Jam | 9 | 3 |
| Raw | 2 | ||||
| Compote | 1 | 1 | |||
| Infused in alcohol | 2 | ||||
| Juice | 1 | 1 | |||
| Syrup | 2 | ||||
| Aerial parts | Tea | 2 | |||
| Flowers | Tea | 1 | |||
|
Rubus idaeus L. (Rosaceae) SB009; SB071 NB081 |
Zmeură; малина (Malyna) |
Aerial parts | Tea | 3 | 4 |
| Fruits | Juice | 5 | 6 | ||
| Raw | 7 | 2 | |||
| Compote | 6 | 7 | |||
| Jam | 18 | 13 | |||
| Dessert | 1 | ||||
| Syrup | 4 | ||||
| Frozen | 2 | ||||
| Tincture | 1 | ||||
|
Rumex acetosa L. (Polygonaceae) NB081 |
Квас§; щавель; квасок§ (kvas§; shchavel; kvasok§) | Leaves | Soup | 21 | |
| Salad | 2 | ||||
| Snack | 2 | ||||
|
Rumex alpinus L. (Polygonaceae) SB067 NB003 |
Ștevie | Leaves | Stewed (with cream) | 1 | |
|
Sambucus nigra L. (Adoxaceae) SB084 NB054 |
Soc; бузина ( Buzyna) | Flowers | Juice | 2 | |
| Tea | 1 | ||||
| Fruits | Jam | 2 | |||
|
Sorbus spp. including Sorbus aucuparia (Rosaceae) SB055 NB232 |
Scoruș; щкорох§ (shchkorokh§) | Flowers | Tea | 1 | |
| Fruits | Kvas | 1 | |||
| Various | 4 | ||||
|
Taraxacum officinale Webb (Asteraceae) SB063 NB016; NB048 |
Papădie; кульбаба (kulbaba) | Flowers | Jam | 1 | |
| Aerial parts | Salad | 3 | |||
| Roots | Salad | 2 | |||
| Coffee | 2a | ||||
| Tea | 1 | ||||
|
Thymus spp. including Thymus vulgaris L. and Thymus serpyllum L. (Lamiaceae) SB001; SB090 NB027; NB125; NB030 |
чабер; чебрець;чебрик; городній чебрець (Chaber; chebrets; chebryk; horodnii chebrets ) Thymus vulgaris: Cimbru; Cimbru sălbatic; чеберецьсадовий (cheberets sadovyi) Thymus serpyllum: Cimbrișor; чебрек польовий; чебрець звичайний, чебрик польовий; польовий чебрець (chebrek polovyi; chebrets zvychainyi, chebryk polovyi; polovyi chebrets) |
Aerial parts | Tea | 4 | 8 |
| Seasoning | 16 | 8 | |||
|
Tilia cordata Mill. (Malvaceae) SB017 NB253 |
Tei; липа (Lypa) | Flowers | Tea | 2 | 12 |
|
Tussilago farfara L. (Asteraceae) SB065; SB085 NB072; NB133 |
Podbal; мати й мачуха (Maty y machukha) | Leaves | Sarmale | 5 | |
| Aerial parts | Tea | 2 | |||
|
Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) SB088, NB026; NB048 |
Urzică; кропива (Kropyva) | Aerial parts (young) | Soup | 17 | |
| Borsh | 4 | 25 | |||
| Stewed (with cream) | 2 | ||||
| Salad | 1 | ||||
| Seasoning | 1 | ||||
|
Vaccinium myrtillus L. (Ericaceae) SB006 NB060 |
Afina; афини; афинник (Afyny; afynnyk) |
Aerial parts | Strong alcohol (afinata) | 6 | |
| Tea | 9 | 7 | |||
| Fruits | Juice | 5 | 2 | ||
| Syrup | 3 | 3 | |||
| Frozen | 1 | 2 | |||
| Preserved in rachiu | 1 | ||||
| Raw (with sugar) | 2 | 1 | |||
| Compote | 4 | 4 | |||
| Jam | 17 | 18 | |||
| Cake | 1 | ||||
| Preserved with sugar | 1 | ||||
| ‘Wine’ | 1 | 1 | |||
| Dessert | 3 | ||||
| Dried | 1 | ||||
| Snack | 1 | ||||
|
Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. (Ericaceae) SB010 NB061 |
Merișoare; ґоґодзи§; гогдзі§; брусніка (Gogodzy§; hohdzi§; brusnika) |
Fruits | Raw | 4 | |
| Jam | 7 | 9 | |||
| Juice | 8 | 1 | |||
| Drink | 1 | ||||
| Compote | 2 | 1 | |||
| Syrup | 2 | ||||
| Frozen | 1 | ||||
| Snack | 1 | ||||
| Tea | 3 | ||||
| Kvas | 1 | ||||
|
Viburnum opulus L. (Adoxaceae) NB223 |
Călină; калина (Kalyna) | Fruits | Strong alcohol (Calinata) | 4 | |
| Preserved in jars | 2 | ||||
| Syrup | 2 | ||||
| Aerial parts | Tea | 3 | |||
Plant names mentioned by Ukrainian Hutsuls are reported in Cyrillic (with transliteration). Plant names mentioned by Romanian Hutsuls are reported in the Latin alphabet. Plant names not reported in Romanian or Ukrainian dictionaries or in publications available for the area (e.g. Pieroni and Soukand, 2017), and are therefore probably Hutsul names, are marked with a §. Russian names are marked with a ^
adenotes a past use