Table 5.
Demographic, Clinical, Laboratory, Radiologic, Treatments, Complications, and Clinical Outcomes Data of Diabetic Patients in Subgroup Analysis
| Variables | Normal Range | Total (n = 84) |
Insulin Required (n = 29) |
Noninsulin Required (n = 55) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | .011 | ||||
| >65 y | NA | 44/84 (52.4%) | 21/29 (72.4%) | 23/55 (41.8%) | |
| <65 y | NA | 40/84 (47.6%) | 8/29 (27.6%) | 32/55 (58.2%) | |
| Sex | .251 | ||||
| Female | NA | 42/84 (50%) | 12/29 (41.4%) | 30/55 (54.5%) | |
| Male | NA | 42/84 (50%) | 17/29 (58.6%) | 25/55 (45.5%) | |
| Severity assessment on admission | < .01 | ||||
| Critical | NA | 17/84 (20.2%) | 15/29 (51.7%) | 2/55 (3.6%) | |
| Noncritical | NA | 67/84 (79.8%) | 14/29 (48.3%) | 53/55 (96.4%) | |
| Blood routine | |||||
| White blood cells, × 109/L | 3.5-9.5 | 5.64 (4.78, 6.95) | 5.01 (4.08, 6.15) | 5.96 (5.20, 6.97) | .034 |
| Neutrophils, × 109/L | 1.8-6.3 | 3.43 (2.63, 4.21) | 3.39 (2.10, 4.32) | 3.54 (2.77, 4.16) | .370 |
| Lymphocytes, × 109/L | 1.1-3.2 | 1.56 (1.10, 2.04) | 1.09 (0.90, 1.55) | 1.72 (1.33, 2.09) | < .01 |
| Platelets, × 109/L | 125-350 | 199 (173, 260) | 187 (165, 251) | 203 (175, 266) | .313 |
| Hemoglobin, × 109/L | 130-175 | 124 (114, 135) | 124 (115, 132) | 125 (113, 136) | .636 |
| Biochemical | |||||
| Alanine aminotransferase, IU/L | 9-50 | 17 (12, 33) | 21 (12, 38) | 16 (11, 29) | .209 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, IU/L | 15-40 | 19 (15, 29) | 22 (18, 37) | 18 (14, 25) | .015 |
| Total bilirubin, μmol/L | 2-23 | 7.7 (5.6, 10.7) | 7.9 (6.3, 9.7) | 7.7 (5.1, 11.2) | .593 |
| Albumin, g/L | 40-55 | 41.0 (37.0, 44.5) | 39.2 (35.6, 43.6) | 42.5 (38.7, 44.7) | .126 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L | 3.6-9.5 | 4.37 (3.46, 5.51) | 3.98 (3.27, 5.81) | 4.51 (3.67, 5.45) | .548 |
| Serum creatinine, μmol/L | 57-111 | 61 (52, 72) | 60 (51, 75) | 61 (52, 71) | .980 |
| Cardiac troponin I, ng/mL | 0-0.014 | 0.007 (0.004, 0.012) | 0.008 (0.004, 0.014) | 0.006 (0.004, 0.010) | .247 |
| Creatine kinase-MB, ng/mL | 0-6.22 | 1.23 (0.84, 1.92) | 1.36 (0.88, 2.72) | 1.08 (0.78, 1.71) | .280 |
| Infection-related biomarkers | |||||
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 0-3 | 2.3 (0.4, 9.7) | 7.2 (0.7, 37.5) | 1.3 (0.4, 6.4) | .021 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 0-0.1 | 0.04 (0.03, 0.07) | 0.04 (0.03, 0.18) | 0.04 (0.03, 0.05) | .252 |
| Coagulation function | |||||
| Prothrombin time, s | 9.3-12.9 | 11.90 (11.15, 12.75) | 12.00 (11.30, 12.80) | 11.90 (11.08, 12.78) | .647 |
| D-dimer, μg/L | 0-0.243 | 0.14 (0.07, 0.23) | 0.19 (0.08, 0.50) | 0.12 (0.06, 0.19) | .043 |
| Imaging features | |||||
| Unilateral pneumonia | NA | 6/84 (7.1%) | 3/29 (10.3%) | 3/55 (5.5%) | .411 |
| Bilateral pneumonia | NA | 73/84 (86.9%) | 25/29 (86.2%) | 48/55 (87.3%) | 1.000 |
| Treatments | |||||
| Antiviral treatment | NA | 54/84 (64.3%) | 13/29 (44.8%) | 41/55 (74.5%) | .009 |
| Antibiotics | NA | 63/84 (75.0%) | 23/29 (79.3%) | 40/55 (72.7%) | .602 |
| Traditional Chinese medicine | NA | 52/84 (61.9%) | 16/29 (55.2%) | 36/55 (65.5%) | .479 |
| Corticosteroids | NA | 35/84 (41.7%) | 18/29 (62.1%) | 17/55 (30.9%) | .010 |
| Intravenous immunoglobin | NA | 23/84 (27.4%) | 11/29 (37.9%) | 12/55 (21.8%) | .130 |
| Mechanical ventilation | NA | 14/84 (16.7%) | 13/29 (44.8%) | 1/55 (1.8%) | < .01 |
| ICU admission | NA | 9/84 (10.7%) | 8/29 (27.6%) | 1/55 (1.8%) | .001 |
| Complications | |||||
| Respiratory failure | NA | 31/84 (36.9%) | 19/29 (65.5%) | 12/55 (21.8%) | < .01 |
| Acute cardiac injury | NA | 33/70 (47.1%) | 17/25 (68.0%) | 16/45 (35.6%) | .013 |
| Acute kidney injury | NA | 11/81 (13.6%) | 10/28 (35.7%) | 1/53 (1.9%) | < .01 |
| Acute liver injury | NA | 6/81 (7.4%) | 4/28 (14.3%) | 2/53 (3.8%) | .175 |
| Clinical outcomes | |||||
| Death | NA | 17/84 (20.2%) | 15/29 (51.7%) | 2/55 (3.6%) | < .01 |
| Alive | NA | 67/84 (79.8%) | 14/29 (48.3%) | 53/55 (96.4%) |
ICU = intensive care unit; NA = not available.
Data are median (interquartile range [IQR]) or n/N (%). P values were calculated by chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test or Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate.