Table 4.
Secondary treatment outcomes in participants with hypermobility spectrum disorder and long-lasting shoulder symptoms (n = 12)
| Baseline | Follow up | Within-group mean change (95% CI) | Within-group mean %—improvement | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-reported outcome measures | ||||
| WOSI total score, 0–2100 | 1037 ± 215 | 509 ± 365 | − 528 (− 738, − 318) | 51 |
| Physical symptoms, 0–1000 | 455 ± 104 | 211 ± 151 | − 245 (− 337, − 152) | 54 |
| Sports/recreation/work, 0–400 | 228 ± 65 | 112 ± 97 | − 117 (− 172, − 61) | 51 |
| Lifestyle, 0–400 | 151 ± 94 | 84 ± 79 | − 67 (− 113, − 22) | 44 |
| Emotions, 0–300 | 203 ± 43 | 103 ± 72 | − 100 (− 159, − 40) | 49 |
| Shoulder pain (NPRS) during the past 7 days | ||||
| Lowest, 0–10 | 1.7 ± 1.4 | 0.8 ± 1.1 | − 0.9 (− 1.7, − 0.2) | 53 |
| Highest, 0–10 | 5.4 ± 2.6 | 2.9 ± 2.3 | − 2.5 (− 3.8, − 1.2) | 46 |
| Average, 0–10 | 3.5 ± 1.9 | 1.1 ± 1.2 | − 2.4 (− 3.7, − 1.2) | 69 |
| CIS, fatigue subscale, 8–56 | 39 ± 12 | 30 ± 11 | − 9 (− 16, − 2) | 23 |
| COOP/WONCA, 6–30 | 14.3 ± 3.7 | 13.2 ± 3.8 | − 1.2 (− 4.5, 2.1) | 8 |
| Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, 11–44 | 25.5 ± 4.4 | 22.3 ± 4.3 | − 3.3 (− 5.7, − 0.8) | 13 |
| Global Perceived Effect, − 5 to 5 | – | 3.5 [3-5] | – | – |
| EQ-5D-3L Health status questionnaire | ||||
| EQ-VAS, 0–100 | 68 ± 17 | 75 ± 16 | 7 (− 7, 21) | 10 |
| Index score, < 0–1 | 0.80 ± 0.10 | 0.81 ± 0.10 | 0.01 (− 0.08, 0.09) | 1 |
| Objective outcome measures | ||||
| Range of motion, ° | ||||
| Internal rotation passive | 66.4 ± 18.8 | 57.5 ± 7.7 | − 8.9 (− 18.8, 0.9) | 13 |
| Internal rotation active | 62.3 ± 16.3 | 58.7 ± 8.2 | − 3.5 (− 12.4, 5.3) | 6 |
| External rotation passive | 100.9 ± 27.3 | 100.9 ± 17.0 | − 0.1 (− 13.3, 13.2) | 0 |
| External rotation active | 101.7 ± 22.3 | 103.6 ± 13.8 | 1.9 (− 9.3, 13.1) | − 2 |
| Total rotation test > 180° | 5 (42) | 1 (8) | ||
| Isometric shoulder strength, Nm/kg | ||||
| Scaption (n = 11) | 1.67 ± 0.72 | 2.18 ± 0.76 | 0.51 (0.23, 0.78) | 31 |
| Internal rotation (n = 11) | 4.57 ± 1.71 | 5.90 ± 1.41 | 1.32 (0.70, 1.95) | 29 |
| External rotation(n = 11) | 3.17 ± 1.22 | 4.05 ± 1.02 | 0.89 (0.37, 1.40) | 28 |
| External/internal rotation ratio (n = 11) | 0.72 ± 0.17 | 0.69 ± 0.10 | − 0.02 (− 0.10, 0.05) | − 3 |
| Proprioception in flexion, error (°) | ||||
| Low range, 55° ± 10° | 4.9 ± 1.7 | 3.6 ± 1.4 | − 1.2 (− 2.4, 0.0) | 24 |
| Mid-range, 90° ± 10° | 4.3 ± 2.0 | 3.4 ± 1.5 | − 0.9 (− 2.2, 0.3) | 21 |
| High range,125° ± 10° (n = 11) | 4.3 ± 2.0 | 4.9 ± 3.2 | 0.6 (− 2.0, 3.2) | − 14 |
| Shoulder instability and laxity tests, positive, n (%) | ||||
| Shoulder flexion test | 1 (8.3) | 2 (16.7) | ||
| Apprehension test | 6 (50.0) | 4 (33.3) | ||
| Relocation test | 5 (41.7) | 2 (16.7) | ||
| Release test | 4 (33.3) | 2 (16.7) | ||
| Load and shift anterior (0–3), positive 2–3 | 5 (41.7) | 8 (66.7) | ||
| Load and shift posterior (0–3), positive 2–3 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Sulcus sign, positive > 2 cm | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Gagey, positive > 105° | 4 (33.3) | 1 (8.3) | ||
| Rotés Queról, positive > 90° | 4 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Data are presented as mean ± SD, median [IQR], and n (%)
SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, CI confidence interval, WOSI Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index, NPRS numeric pain rating scale, CIS Checklist Individual Strength, COOP/WONCA Dartmouth Primary Care Cooperative Research Network/World Organization of National Colleges, Academies and Academic Associations of General Practitioners/Family Physicians, EQ-5D-3L European Quality of life - 5 Dimensions – Three-Level, VAS visual analogue scale