Table 1.

Multimodality imaging in prosthetic valve dysfunction by prosthetic valve position.

TEE: transesophageal echocardiography; MDCT: multidetector computed tomography; CMR: cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging; PVL: paravalvular leak

TYPE OF PROSTHETIC VALVE DYSFUNCTION	3D TEE	MDCT	CMR
Obstruction (pannus vs thrombus)
Mitral valve	+++	+++	++#
Aortic valve	++*	+++	++#
Tricuspid/pulmonic valve	++	++	++#
Regurgitation (valvular vs PVL)
Mitral valve	+++	++±	+++
Aortic valve	++*	++±	+++
Tricuspid/pulmonic valve	++	++±	+++
Endocarditis (vegetation, abscess, fistula, pseudoaneurysm)
Mitral valve	+++	++**	++**
Aortic valve	++*	++**	++**
Tricuspid/pulmonic valve	++*	++**	++**
+ fair, ++ good, +++ excellent

^* limited by shadowing,

^± unable to quantify flow,

^** unable to visualize small mobile vegetations

^# for bioprosthetic valve only