Table 3.
ODI scores within-subjects effects (time) and between-subjects effects (stabilization and nonstabilization group).
| ODI scores (n = 82) | Stabilization Yes, mean ± SD (n = 39) | Stabilization No, mean ± SD (n = 43) | Total | Main effect | Interaction effect | Source of difference for time | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time | Group | ||||||
| Beginning (1) | 34.05 ± 1.56 | 30.74 ± 2.66 | 32.47 ± 2.71 | V = 0.969* F = 604.238* * P < 0.001*** | F = 69.479** P < 0.001*** | V = 0.046* F = 0.935** P = 0.449 | 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5 |
| 1st month (2) | 24.16 ± 2.67 | 21.64 ± 2.36 | 22.96 ± 2.81 | ||||
| 3rd month (3) | 23.61 ± 2.35 | 20.67 ± 1.90 | 22.20 ± 2.60 | ||||
| 6th month (4) | 22.58 ± 1.84 | 19.97 ± 1.76 | 21.34 ± 2.18 | ||||
| 12th month (5) | 22.16 ± 1.68 | 19.46 ± 1.67 | 20.87 ± 2.15 | ||||
| Total | 25.31 ± 4.88 | 22.50 ± 4.69 | |||||
| Mauchly’s sphericity test: W = 0.299, χ2 = 94.729, P = 0.001, df = 9. The assumption of sphericity was not met. Multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA) was used. | |||||||
*Pillai’s trace test statistical value for MANOVA. **F test statistical value for MANOVA. ***The mean difference is significant at P < 0.05. ****Simple contrasts (first) were used.