Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the melatonin and carvedilol intaking patient groups from the COVID-19 registry.
| Melatonin | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients | SARS-CoV-2 positive patients | |||||
| Melatonin − | Melatonin + | P | Melatonin − | Melatonin + | P | |
| Total patients | 17312 | 806 | 1635 | 40 | ||
| Age | 48.94 ± 20.49 | 62.84 ± 19.88 | < 0.001 | 53.63 ± 18.89 | 65.24 ± 18.44 | < 0.001 |
| Race other % | 1092 (6.3) | 43 (5.3) | 0.298 | 109 (6.7) | 1 (2.5) | 0.467 |
| Race black % | 3317 (19.2) | 202 (25.1) | < 0.001 | 380 (23.2) | 13 (32.5) | 0.239 |
| Race white % | 11922 (68.9) | 538 (66.7) | 0.219 | 1044 (63.9) | 23 (57.5) | 0.51 |
| Gender (male) % | 6833 (39.5) | 396 (49.1) | < 0.001 | 785 (48.0) | 21 (52.5) | 0.688 |
| Smoking % | 2222 (12.8) | 129 (16.0) | 0.258 | 91 (5.6) | 3 (7.5) | 0.743 |
| Diabetes % | 3222 (18.6) | 333 (41.3) | < 0.001 | 336 (20.6) | 13 (32.5) | 0.456 |
| Hypertension % | 6524 (37.7) | 594 (73.7) | < 0.001 | 662 (40.5) | 27 (67.5) | 0.029 |
| Coronary artery disease % | 1897 (11.0) | 268 (33.3) | < 0.001 | 152 (9.3) | 12 (30.0) | 0.001 |
| COPD & emphysema % | 740 (4.3) | 119 (14.8) | < 0.001 | 76 (4.6) | 5 (12.5) | 0.07 |
| ACEIs (%) | 1182 (6.8) | 156 (19.4) | < 0.001 | 93 (5.7) | 5 (12.5) | 0.141 |
| ARBs (%) | 900 (5.2) | 123 (15.3) | < 0.001 | 96 (5.9) | 8 (20.0) | 0.001 |
| Carvedilol | ||||||
| All patients | SARS-CoV-2 positive patients | |||||
| Carvedilol − | Carvedilol + | P | Carvedilol − | Carvedilol + | P | |
| Total patients | 17567 | 551 | 1647 | 28 | ||
| Age | 49.06 ± 20.59 | 65.46 ± 16.22 | < 0.001 | 53.67 ± 18.94 | 68.16 ± 13.52 | < 0.001 |
| Race other % | 1102 (6.3) | 33 (6.0) | 0.856 | 109 (6.6) | 1 (3.6) | 0.794 |
| Race black % | 3333 (19.0) | 186 (33.8) | < 0.001 | 379 (23.0) | 14 (50.0) | 0.002 |
| Race white % | 12134 (69.1) | 326 (59.2) | < 0.001 | 1054 (64.0) | 13 (46.4) | 0.086 |
| Gender (male) % | 6916 (39.4) | 313 (56.8) | < 0.001 | 789 (47.9) | 17 (60.7) | 0.248 |
| Smoking % | 2243 (12.8) | 108 (19.6) | 0.001 | 90 (5.5) | 4 (14.3) | 0.108 |
| Diabetes % | 3235 (18.4) | 320 (58.1) | < 0.001 | 333 (20.2) | 16 (57.1) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension % | 6601 (37.6) | 517 (93.8) | < 0.001 | 662 (40.2) | 27 (96.4) | < 0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease % | 1871 (10.7) | 294 (53.4) | < 0.001 | 148 (9.0) | 16 (57.1) | < 0.001 |
| COPD & emphysema % | 791 (4.5) | 68 (12.3) | < 0.001 | 74 (4.5) | 7 (25.0) | 0.001 |
| ACEIs (%) | 1190 (6.8) | 148 (26.9) | < 0.001 | 93 (5.6) | 5 (17.9) | 0.02 |
| ARBs (%) | 884 (5.0) | 139 (25.2) | < 0.001 | 93 (5.6) | 11 (39.3) | < 0.001 |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ACEIs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers. Ages are shown as mean ± standard deviation. All other characteristics are shown as number of cases (percentage). P values were calculated by Fisher's exact test. +: drug usage; −: non-drug usage.