Table 4.

Multivariable model of associations between CKD and potential risk factors in Rivas, Nicaragua

Covariates	Unadjusted POR (95% CI)	P Value	Adjusted POR (95% CI)a	P Value
Sex
Female	Referent		Referent
Male	1.25 (0.72 to 2.16)	0.4	1.40 (0.76 to 2.58)	0.2
Age (continuous, 10-yr increase)	2.04 (2.00 to 2.07)	<0.001	1.92 (1.89 to 1.96)	<0.001
Self-reported diabetes
No	Referent		Referent
Yes	5.04 (2.57 to 9.88)	<0.001	2.88 (1.40 to 5.93)	0.04
Self-reported high BP
No	Referent		Referent
Yes	4.25 (2.42 to 7.47)	<0.001	1.95 (1.04 to 3.64)	0.004
Worked in sugarcane
No	Referent		Referent
Yes	2.95 (1.61 to 5.43)	0.0005	2.92 (1.36 to 6.27)	0.006
Worked in agricultureb
No	Referent		Referent
Yes	1.53 (0.88 to 2.68)	0.1	1.53 (0.76 to 3.09)	0.2
Number of years worked in agriculture
Never	Referent		Referent
0–4	0.99 (0.37 to 2.67)	0.9	1.47 (0.49 to 4.47)	0.5
5–9	0.44 (0.06 to 3.31)	0.4	0.65 (0.08 to 5.37)	0.7
10–14	0.77 (0.18 to 3.35)	0.7	0.97 (0.20 to 4.76)	0.9
≥15	2.28 (1.10 to 4.72)	0.03	1.49 (0.59 to 3.74)	0.4
Ever smoked
No	Referent		Referent
Yes	1.70 (0.91 to 3.18)	0.09	1.46 (0.63 to 3.39)	0.4

POR, prevalence odds ratio.

^aLogistic regression model adjusted for sex, continuous age, self-reported high BP, and diabetes.

^bDefined as any of the following: current work in agriculture, ever worked in agriculture, or ever worked in sugarcane.