Table 2.

Main characteristics of broiler and layer production systems.

	Type of integration	Grandparent stock (GP)	Parent stock (PS)	Grower and production farms	Housing	Feed source	Veterinary services	Contracts	Value chain	Processing and packing	Market type	Export
Integrated broiler production	Fully integrated broiler production (FIBP)	Owned	Owned	Owned broiler grower farms	Environmentally controlled	Owned	Privately hired	No actors at this point	Owned	Owned	Processed market	Processed meat
	Partially integrated broiler production (PIBP)	No actors at this point	Owned	Owned and contractual broiler grower farms	Environmentally controlled	Owned	Privately hired	With IBP and middlemen	Owned and middlemen moderated	Owned	Processed and wet market	Live birds and processed meat
Independent broiler production (IBP)		No actors at this point	No actors at this point	Owned broiler grower farms	Environmentally controlled and open-sided house	Owned and commercial feed	Privately hired and public services	No actors at this point	Middlemen moderated	No actors at this point	Wet market	Live birds
Integrated layer production	Partially integrated layer production (PILP)	No actors at this point	Owned	Owned layer grower farms	Environmentally controlled	Owned	Privately hired	Yearly contracts with target customers	Owned and middlemen moderated	Owned	Processed and wet market	Eggs and spent hens
Independent layer production (ILP)		No actors at this point	No actors at this point	Owned layer grower farms	Environmentally controlled, semi-environmentally controlled and open-sided house	Owned and commercial feed	Privately hired and public services	Yearly contracts with target customers	Middlemen moderated	No actors at this point	Wet market, retail outlets	Spent hens
Backyard farming (BF)		No actors at this point	No actors at this point	Rear birds in backyards	Free range	Mainly scavenging	Public services	No actors at this point	Middlemen moderated and direct sale	No actors at this point	Wet market	No actors at this point