Table 5. Multi-nutrient species to address industrial diet deficiencies.

Name	Form	Thermal Climate	Moisture	Part	Fiber	Ca	Mg	A	C	E
Asclepias syriaca	Perennial herb	Temperate	Humid, semi-arid	Leaf		VH		VH	XH
Atriplex halimus	Woody	Tropical, temperate	Humid semi-arid, arid	Leaf	VH	XH	XH
Bambusa polymorpha	Woody	Tropical	Humid	Shoot	VH	VH	VH
Cnidoscolus aconitifolius	Woody	Tropical	Humid semi-arid, arid	Leaf		VH	VH	XH	VH
Coccinia grandis	Perennial vine	Tropical	Humid	Leaf, unripe fruit	VH			H		XH
Dicliptera chinensis	Perennial herb	Tropical	Humid	Leaf		VH		VH		XH
Epilobium angustifolium	Perennial herb	Temperate, boreal/arctic	Humid, semi-arid	Shoot	H	H	VH		VH
Gnetum gnemon	Woody	Tropical	Humid	Leaf	VH		H	H	VH	H
Limnocharis flava	Perennial herb	Tropical	Aquatic	Leaf, stem, flowerbud	VH	XH	XH	H
Manihot esculenta	Woody	Tropical	Humid, semi-arid	Leaf	H	VH		VH	XH	XH
Momordica cochinchinensis	Perennial vine	Tropical	Humid	Leaf, unripe fruit, fruit	H	VH		VH	XH	XH
Moringa oleifera	Woody	Tropical	Humid, semi-arid	Leaf, unripe fruit, flowerbud	H	VH	VH	VH	VH	H
Morus alba	Woody	Tropical, temperate	Humid, semi-arid	Leaf	VH	VH	VH	VH	VH
Pisonia umbellifera	Woody	Tropical	Humid	Leaf	VH	VH	VH
Sauropus androgynus	Woody	Tropical	Humid	Leaf				VH	VH	XH
Senna obtusifolia	Woody	Tropical	Humid	Leaf*		VH		XH	VH
Senna sophera	Woody	Tropical	Humid	Leaf		H		VH	VH	VH
Sesbania grandiflora	Woody	Tropical	Humid	Leaf	XH	VH	VH		H	H
Silene vulgaris	Perennial herb	Temperate, boreal/arctic	Humid, semi-arid	Leaf	VH			VH		XH
Solanum aethiopicum	Perennial herb	Tropical*	Humid, semi-arid	Leaf		VH		VH		XH
Toona sinensis	Woody	Tropical, temperate	Humid, semi-arid	Leaf		VH		XH	VH	XH
Trichanthera gigantea	Woody	Tropical	Humid	Leaf		XH	XH
Urtica dioica	Perennial herb	Temperate, boreal/arctic	Humid	Leaf	H	VH	H		VH	XH
Vitis vinifera	Perennial vine	Tropical, temperate	Humid, semi-arid	Leaf	XH	VH	VH	VH		H

“Tropical” indicates lowland tropics, highland tropics, and/or subtropics. “Temperate” indicates warm temperate and/or cold temperate. “Boreal/arctic” indicates boreal and/or arctic. *Perennial frequently grown as an annual. “XH” indicates extremely high levels, over twice the highest level found in the reference crops. “VH” indicates very high levels between the highest level of reference crops and double the level of reference crops. “H” indicates high levels, in the highest tertile of the reference crops.

* Cultivated for its young leaves as a vegetable in four African countries, but mature leaves are a powerful laxative [36].