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. 2020 Jul 10;15(7):e0235957. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235957

Table 4. The results of conducted path analysis for study case III on 262 undergraduates students in Psychology, UB (path (1) model) and study case IV on 310 master's students in educational science and environmental science, UVABc (path (2) model).

Hypothesized path Study case III Study case IV
Standardized causal effects for the model t-value Standardized causal effects for the model t-value
Direct effect Indirect effect Total effect Direct effect Indirect effect Total effect
Traditional→Barriers (H1) 0.290 0.290 5.422** 0.167 0.167 3.392*
Modern→Ease (H2) 0.273 0.273 4.812** 0.314 0.314 5.890**
Anxiety→Ease (H3) -0.293 -0.293 -5.163** -0.150 -0.150 -2.807*
Anxiety→Barriers (H4) 0.410 0.410 7.670** 0.472 0.472 9.578**
Anxiety→ Usefulness (H5) -0.337 0.050 (NS) -0.287 -7.023** -0.473 0.137* -0.337 -10.682**
Barriers→Usefulness (H6) 0.346 0.346 7.175** 0.379 0.379 8.515**
Ease→Usefulness (H7) 0.315 0.315 7.060** 0.283 0.283 7.020**
Traditional→Usefulness (H8) 0.372 0.372 8.272** 0.364 0.063* 0.427 8.982**
Ease→ Intention (H9) 0.212 0.180* 0.392 5.583** 0.398 0.103* 0.501 9.331**
Usefulness→ Intention (H10) 0.572 0.572 12.970** 0.365 0.365 7.661**
Traditional→ Intention (H11) 0.236 0.270** 0.506 5.919** 0.175 0.156* 0.331* 3.954**
Modern→ Usefulness (H12) 0.080* 0.080* 0.089* 0.089*
Modern→ Intention (H13) 0.107* 0.107* 0.157* 0.157*
Anxiety→ Intention (H14) -0.227* -0.227* -0.182* -0.182*
Barriers→ Intention (H15) 0.198* 0.198* 0.138* 0.138*

NS = Not significant;

*p < .05;

**p < .001