Table 1. Characteristics of included studies for systematic literature review of tuberculosis and risk of cardiovascular disease and related mortality.
| First Author | Year | Country | Source of TB Data | Enrolment Period | People Diagnosed with TB | Design | Study Objective (page no.) | Follow-up in years: mean / median (max) | ROBINS-I Overall ROB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bakari | 2013 | Tanzania | Hospital | 2009–2010 | 34 | Case-control | Identify factors (e.g., TB) associated with heart failure in people living with HIV with cardiac complaint (p. 1) | N/A | Serious |
| Blöndal | 2013 | Estonia | TB Register | 2002–2009 | 2,449 | Cohort | Overall and cause-specific mortality among people with TB and MDR-TB compared to the general population (p. 961) | Mean = 5.3 (9 years)* | Serious |
| Christensen | 2014 | Denmark | TB Register | 1977–2008 | 8,291 | Cohort | Long-term mortality in TB survivors compared with the general population (p. 406) | Mean = 9.6 (32 years)** | Serious |
| Chung | 2014 | Taiwan | Administrative Data | 1997–2010 | 10,168 | Cohort | Assess risk of ACS in people with TB compared to controls (p. 80) | Not stated (13 years) | Serious |
| Giral | 2007 | France | Hospital | Not Stated | 147 | Case-control | Analysis of past TB in relation to carotid and femoral atherosclerosis (p. 151) | Mean = 25; SD = 11 between TB diagnosis and sonography | Serious |
| Hasanain | 2018 | Egypt | Hospital | 2016–2017 | 54 | Case-control | Assess LTBI prevalence among those with/without CAS and evaluate LTBI as predictor of CAS | N/A | Serious |
| Huaman | 2017 | United States | Administrative Data | 2008–2010 | 2,026 | Cohort | Assess whether TB increased the risk of AMI after adjusting for CVD risk factors (p. 1364) | Not stated (1 year) | Moderate |
| Huaman | 2018 | Peru | Hospital | 2015–2017 | 120 | Case-control | Assess association between LTBI and AMI (p. 887) | N/A | Serious |
| Ke | 2015 | Taiwan | Administrative Data | 2008–2010 | 6,911 | Cohort | Analyze CVD and other adverse outcomes after non-chest surgeries in people with pulmonary TB compared to people without TB (p. 2) | Not stated (2 years) | Moderate |
| Mathew | 2006 | Russia | TB Register | 2002–2003 | 1,916 | Cohort | Risk factors for death during TB treatment (p. 857) | Median = 241 days (censored at death or TB treatment completion) | Serious |
| Oh | 2017 | South Korea | Not Stated | 2010–2014 | 69,023 | Cohort | Assess incidence of cardiovascular events during TB treatment and if pyrazinamide adds to this risk (p. A199) | Not stated (4 years) | NI |
| Pettit | 2017 | International | ART-CC Data Coordinating Centre | 1996–2014 | 2,174 | Cohort | Assess the effect of TB (and other ADEs) on non-AIDS mortality risk (p. 2) | Median = 5.18 (IQR: 2.28–9.42 years) | Serious |
| Sheu | 2010 | Taiwan | Administrative Data | 2000–2003 | 2,283 | Cohort | Assess ischemic stroke risk among people with TB during a 3-year period after diagnosis compared control patients (p. 244) | Not stated (3 years) | Serious |
| Shuldiner | 2016 | Israel | TB Register | 2000–2010 | 3,201 | Cohort | Assess long-term mortality among TB survivors in Israel, compared to the general population (p. 43) | Median = 5.9 (11 years) | Critical |
| Wang | 2017 | Taiwan | Administrative Data | 2000–2010 | 14,350 | Cohort | Assess PAD risk in people with TB compared to controls (p. 1671). | Mean = 5.82 (11 years)* | Moderate |
| Wu | 2014 | Taiwan | Administrative Data | 2001 | 5,804 | Cohort | Assess ischemic stroke after contracting TB (p. 2) | Not stated (3 years) | Serious |
ACS = acute coronary syndrome, ADE = AIDS defining event, AIDS = autoimmune deficiency syndrome, AMI = acute myocardial infarction, ART = antiretroviral therapy, ART-CC = Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration, CAS = coronary artery stenosis, HIV = human immunodeficiency virus, MDR-TB = multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, NADE = non-AIDS defining event, NI = no information, PAD = peripheral arterial disease, ROBINS-I = Risk of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions, ROB = risk of bias, TB = tuberculosis.
*average of means for each group
**average of medians for each group