Table 1.
Study characteristics.
| Author, year | Country | Study design | Setting | Study population | Sample size (N) | Device | Comparison | Conflicts of interest |
| Prgomet et al, 2016 [39] | Australia | Mixed methods | Single-center hospital | Physicians and nurses of a respiratory and neurosurgery ward | 106 | ViSi Mobile | None | Not reported |
| Weller et al, 2017 [40] | USA | Case-control | Single-center hospital | Neurological and neurosurgical patients | 736 | ViSi Mobile | Manual measurements | None declared |
| Verillo et al, 2018 [51] | USA | Before-after | Single-center hospital | Orthopedic and trauma patients | 422 | ViSi Mobile | None | None declared |
| Weenk et al, 2017 [59] | The Netherlands | Mixed methods | Single-center hospital | Internal and surgical patients | 20 | ViSi Mobile, HealthPatch | Manual measurements (HRa, RRb) | None declared |
| Watkins et al, 2015 [60] | USA | Cohort | 2 hospitals | Nurses | 24 | ViSi Mobile | None | None declared |
| Downey et al, 2018a [62] | UK | Pilot Randomized control trial | Single-center hospital | General surgical patients | 226 | SensiumVitals | Manual and intermittent measurements by nurses (HR, RR, temperature) | None declared |
| Downey et al, 2018b [56] | UK | Qualitative | Single-center hospital | Surgical patients | 12 | SensiumVitals | None | None declared |
| Hernandez-Silveira et al, 2015a [63] | UK | Validation study | Single-center hospital | Surgical and comorbid patients | 61 | SensiumVitals | Philips Intellivue MP30: 3-lead ECGc (HR); Microstream Oridion Capnography (RR) | 5 authors were employees of the manufacturing company of the device |
| Hernandez-Silveira et al, 2015b [61] | UK | Validation study | Laboratory | Healthy subjects | 21 | SensiumVitals | Rigel 333 patient simulator (HR, RR), Simman (HR), Philips IntelliVue MP30: 2-lead ECG (HR), capnography (RR) | Study was funded by manufacturer, one author was an employee |
| Downey et al, 2019 [64] | UK | Validation study | Single-center hospital | Major elective surgery patients | 51 | SensiumVitals | Pulse-oximeter (HR), manually (RR), tympanic thermometer (ST) | None declared |
| Chan et al, 2013 [65] | USA | Validation study | Laboratory | Healthy subjects | 25 | HealthPatch | Actiheart, Oridion Capnostream | Authors were employees of the manufacturer of the device |
| Izmailova et al, 2019 [41] | USA | Validation study | Laboratory | Healthy subjects | 6 | HealthPatch | Dinamp device (HR), oral thermometer (ST), manual measurement (RR) | None declared |
| Breteler et al, 2018 [42] | The Netherlands | Validation study | Single-center hospital | Surgical patients | 25 | HealthPatch | XPREZZON bedside monitor | None declared |
| Selvaraj et al, 2018 [43] | USA | Validation study | Laboratory | Healthy subjects | 57 | VitalPatch | Bench testing, Capnostream20, (RR), Actiheart device (HR) | Not reported |
| Liu et al, 2014 [69] | USA | Validation study | Prehospital | Trauma patients | 305 | WVSMd | LIFEPAK 12 defibrillator/monitor | None declared |
| Liu et al, 2015 [45] | USA | Cohort | Prehospital | Trauma patients | 104 | WVSM | None | One author is the CEOe of the manufacturing company |
| Razjouan et al, 2017 [46] | USA | Cohort | Single-center hospital | Hematology and oncology patients | 35 | Zephyr BioPatch | None | None declared |
| Boatin et al, 2016 [47] | USA | Mixed methods | Single-center hospital | Full-term pregnant women and nurses | 38 | Zephyr BioPatch | Pulse-oximeter (HR), manually (RR) | None declared |
| Kim et al, 2012 [48] | USA | Validation study | Laboratory | Healthy subjects | 12 | Zephyr BioPatch | 12-lead ECG (HR), Model K4 b2, (RR) | None declared |
| Van Haren et al, 2013 [49] | USA | Cohort | Prehospital | Patients transported by the prehospital provider | 113 | MiniMedic | LIFEPAK, Propaq MD monitor | None declared |
| Meisozo et al, 2016 [50] | USA | Validation study | Single-center hospital | Trauma patients in the intensive care unit | 59 | MiniMedic | GE Solar 8000M multichannel monitor | Not reported |
| Dur et al, 2019 [52] | USA | Validation study | Laboratory | Healthy subjects | 35 | Wavelet Wristband | ECG (HR), spirometry sensor (RR), BIOPAC M36 | One author was an employee of Wavelet Health |
| Li et al, 2019 [57] | USA | Validition study | Single-center hospital | Emergency department | 17 | Biosensor | Capnography (RR) | Two authors were employees of Philips and study was funded by Philips |
| Ordonnel et al, 2019 [53] | UK | Cohort | Home | Patients with heart failure | 13 | Proteus patch | None | None declared |
| Hubner et al, 2015 [54] | Austria | Cohort | Single-center hospital | Patients at the emergency department and nurses who provided care | 226 | IntelliVue Cableless Measurement Solution | None | None declared |
| Liu et al, 2013 [55] | China | Validation study | Laboratory | Healthy subjects | 6 | Equivital EQ02 Lifemonitor | Polar S810i HR Monitor (HR), Spirometer MLT1000L (RR), MLT422/D TSK probe (Temperature) | Not reported |
| Paul et al, 2019 [58] | Canada | Pilot randomized control trial | Single-center hospital | Mixed surgical patients | 250 | Covidien Alarm Management System | None | None declared |
aHR: heart rate.
bRR: respiratory rate.
cECG: electrocardiogram.
dWVSM: wireless vital signs monitor.
eCEO: chief executive officer.