Table 2.
Laboratory findings of the patients on admission
| Missing data | Total (n=380) | Moderate disease (n=149) | Severe disease (n=145) | Critical disease (n=86) |
p value |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Moderate vs Severe | Moderate vs Critical | Severe vs Critical | |||||||
| White blood cell count, 109 cells per L | 0 | 5·89 (4·40–8·27) | 5·05 (3·98–6·26) | 5·89 (4·36–8·28) | 9·33 (6·65–13·40) | <0·0001 | 0·00053 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | |
| Neutrophil count, 109 cells per L | 0 | 4·19 (2·71–6·37) | 3·22 (2·37–4·39) | 4·19 (2·97–6·33) | 8·08 (5·30–12·12) | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | |
| Lymphocyte count, 109 cells per L | 0 | 0·95 (0·59–1·47) | 1·2 (0·90–1·59) | 0·89 (0·59–1·36) | 0·54 (0·30–0·91) | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | |
| Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio | 0 | 4·14 (2·25–9·08) | 2·67 (1·69–4·08) | 4·71 (2·62–7·78) | 16·02 (6·49–24·79) | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | |
| Monocyte count, 109 cells per L | 44 | 0·47 (0·30–0·62) | 0·46 (0·35–0·61) | 0·52 (0·32–0·64) | 0·38 (0·20–0·54) | 0·0020 | 1·0 | 0·014 | 0·0020 | |
| Eosinophil count, 109 cells per L | 0 | 0·03 (0·01–0·09) | 0·04 (0·01–0·10) | 0·05 (0·01–0·11) | 0·01 (0–0·03) | <0·0001 | 1·0 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | |
| Basophil count, 109 cells per L | 44 | 0·01 (0·01–0·03) | 0·01 (0·01–0·03) | 0·01 (0·01–0·03) | 0·03 (0·01–0·03) | 0·39 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Haemoglobin, g/dL | 0 | 119·00 (107·25–131·00) | 122·00 (111·00–133·00) | 118·00 (108·50–129·50) | 115·00 (92·75–127·25) | 0·0012 | 0·11 | 0·0014 | 0·22 | |
| Platelet count, 109 cells per L | 0 | 189·50 (121·50–271·00) | 198·00 (145·50–249·50) | 227·00 (142·50–328·00) | 105·00 (55·75–200·75) | <0·0001 | 0·23 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | |
| <100 | .. | 71/380 (19%) | 9/149 (6%) | 20/145 (14%) | 42/86 (49%) | <0·0001* | 0·077 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | |
| ≥100 | .. | 309/380 (81%) | 140/149 (94%) | 125/145 (86%) | 44/86 (51%) | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time, s | 30 | 37·40 (34·30–42·33) | 36·20 (33·38–39·70) | 37·60 (35·13–42·48) | 38·80 (34·23–48·15) | 0·0018 | 0·028 | 0·0021 | 0·85 | |
| ≤43·5 | .. | 274/350 (78%) | 116/130 (89%) | 106/136 (78%) | 52/84 (62%) | <0·0001* | 0·040 | <0·0001 | 0·031 | |
| >43·5 | .. | 76/350 (22%) | 14/130 (11%) | 30/136 (22%) | 32/84 (38%) | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Prothrombin time, s | 31 | 13·60 (12·80–14·80) | 13·00 (12·50–13·70) | 13·70 (12·90–14·55) | 16·60 (14·00–21·98) | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 75 | 4·37 (3·39–5·46) | 4·29 (3·42–5·23) | 4·80 (3·62–5·96) | 3·96 (2·60–5·14) | 0·00064 | 0·044 | 0·34 | 0·0014 | |
| <2 | .. | 18/305 (6%) | 1/135 (1%) | 0/86 | 17/84 (20%) | <0·0001† | 1·0 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | |
| ≥2 | .. | 287/305 (94%) | 134/135 (99%) | 86/86 (100%) | 67/84 (80%) | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| D-dimer, mg/L | 47 | 1·24 (0·47–4·58) | 0·42 (0·22–0·91) | 1·36 (0·65–3·06) | 7·24 (3·39–8·00) | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | |
| Fibrin degradation products, μg/mL | 132 | 3·20 (1·70–10·98) | 1·90 (1·23–3·18) | 4·20 (2·10–11·60) | 28·20 (6·00–113·15) | <0·0001* | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | |
| Antithrombin III activity, % | 132 | 90·00 (79·00–97·00) | 92·00 (84·00–98·75) | 88·00 (78·00–95·00) | 85·00 (70·25–97·50) | 0·014 | 0·028 | 0·086 | 1·0 | |
| <80 | .. | 66/248 (27%) | 17/108 (16%) | 33/95 (35%) | 16/45 (36%) | 0·0030* | 0·0052 | 0·020 | 1·0 | |
| ≥80 | .. | 182/248 (73%) | 91/108 (84%) | 62/95 (65%) | 29/45 (64%) | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 65 | 35·54 (7·41–84·43) | 10·15 (2·15–30·84) | 40·6 (10·49–83·20) | 92·79 (55·73–124·36) | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 95 | 17·85 (5·26–46·73) | 14·13 (4·97–44·56) | 23·77 (10·10–49·03) | 37·4 (15·30–95·33) | <0·0001 | 0·053 | <0·0001 | 0·083 | |
| TNFα, ng/L | 128 | 2·45 (1·97–3·61) | 2·57 (2·00–3·93) | 2·45 (1·98–3·92) | 2·22 (1·92–2·90) | 0·082 | .. | .. | .. | |
| IL-4, ng/L | 128 | 2·10 (1·62–2·48) | 2·10 (1·58–2·42) | 2·10 (1·64–2·82) | 2·16 (1·66–2·62) | 0·42 | .. | .. | .. | |
| IL-2, ng/L | 128 | 2·56 (2·34–2·88) | 2·53 (2·34–2·79) | 2·56 (2·39–2·93) | 2·67 (2·34–2·95) | 0·14 | .. | .. | .. | |
| IL-10, ng/L | 121 | 4·04 (3·04–5·53) | 3·44 (2·67–4·49) | 4·43 (3·29–5·94) | 5·14 (4·15–8·50) | <0·0001 | 0·00031 | <0·0001 | 0·018 | |
| IFNγ, ng/L | 128 | 2·11 (1·70–2·62) | 2·09 (1·72–2·53) | 2·13 (1·67–2·83) | 2·11 (1·68–2·68) | 0·77 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Serum ferritin, μg/L | 302 | 530·45 (265·25–924·05) | 108·20 (57·55–310·20) | 539·19 (356·88–843·65) | 1146·20 (733·80–1749·10) | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | 0·040 | |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, units per L | 102 | 283·00 (184·00–441·75) | 184·00 (166·00–234·00) | 302·00 (209·00–432·50) | 472·00 (353·00–610·00) | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | |
Data are median (IQR) or n/N (%) unless otherwise stated. For variables with overall p values greater than 0·05, we did not perform group comparisons. Categorical variables were analysed using
*
χ2 test or
†
Fisher's exact test.