Table 1.
COVID-19 Vaccine Candidates in Clinical Development (21 as of June 29, 2020).
| Vaccine Candidate | Platform | Phase of Clinical Development | Developer |
|---|---|---|---|
| ChAdOx1-S expressing S protein | Non Replicating Viral Vector | Phase 3 | University of Oxford, AstraZeneca |
| Adenovirus Type 5 Vector expressing S protein | Non Replicating Viral Vector | Phase 2 | CanSino Biological Inc., Beijing Institute of Biotechnology |
| Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) encapsulated mRNA encoding S protein | RNA | Phase 2 | Moderna, NIAID |
| Inactivated | Inactivated | Phase 1/2 | Beijing Institute of Biological Products, Sinopharm |
| Inactivated | Inactivated | Phase 1/2 | Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Sinopharm |
| Inactivated with alum | Inactivated | Phase 1/2 | Sinovac |
| Full length recombinant SARS CoV-2 glycoprotein nanoparticle vaccine adjuvanted with Matrix M | Protein Subunit | Phase 1/2 | Novavax |
| 3 LNP-mRNAs | RNA | Phase 1/2 | BioNTech, Fosun Pharma, Pfizer |
| Inactivated | Inactivated | Phase 1/2 | Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences |
| Adeno-based | Non Replicating Viral Vector | Phase 1 | Gamaleya Research Institute |
| DNA plasmid encoding S protein delivered by electroporation | DNA | Phase 1 | Inovio Pharmaceuticals |
| DNA Vaccine (GX-19) | DNA | Phase 1 | Genexine Consortium |
| LNP-nCoVsaRNA | Self-amplifying RNA | Phase 1 | Imperial College London |
| mRNA | RNA | Phase 1 | Curevac |
| mRNA | RNA | Phase 1 | People's Liberation Army (PLA) Academy of Military Sciences, Walvax Biotech |
| S-Trimer subunit vaccine adjuvanted | Protein Subunit | Phase 1 | Clover Biopharmaceuticals, GSK, Dynavax |
| Adjuvanted recombinant protein (RBD Dimer) | Protein Subunit | Phase 1 | Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| Autologous Dendritic Cells with SARS-CoV-2 antigens, administered with granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) | Dendritic cell vaccine | Phase 1 | Aivita Biomedical |
| Dendritic cells (DC) modified with lentivirus vector, expressing synthetic minigene based on domains of selected viral proteins, administered with antigen specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) | Modified DC | Phase 1 | Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute |
| Artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) modified with lentiviral vector, expressing synthetic minigene based on domains of selected proteins | Modified APCs | Phase 1 | Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute |
| bac-TRL Spike, orally delivered | Live Bifidobacterium longum to deliver plasmids of synthetic DNA encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike protein | Phase 1 | Symvivo |