Table 1.

General composition of Nigella sativa

Compound class	Compound name	Content range	Source	Reference
Sterols	% total sterols
	Cholesterol	0.70-1.28	s	(5, 8, 126–128)
		0.48-1.01	o
	Campesterol	9.88-13.76	s	(5, 8, 126–128)
		2.28-13.1	o
	Campestanol	0.54-0.56	s	(5, 8, 126–128)
	Stigmasterol	10.52-20.92	s	(5, 8, 126–128)
		4.31-18.22	o
	β-sitosterol	44.53-53.95	s	(5, 8, 126–128)
		13.24-53	o
	-sitosterol	0.59	o	(5, 8, 126–128)
	Sitostanol	2.29-2.38	s	(5, 8, 126–128)
	Δ7-Stigmasterol	1.60-2.22	s	(5, 8, 126–128)
		0.6	o
	Δ 7-Avenasterol	1.11-2.24	s	(5, 8, 126–128)
		2.1	o
	Δ 5- Avenasterol	2.1	o	(5, 8, 126–128)
Tocopherols	mg/kg
	α-Tocopherol	0.8-1.3	s	(129)
	β-Tocopherol	0.5-0.9	s	(129)
	-Tocopherol	1.2-12.1	s	(129)
	β-Tocotrienol	8.2-12.1	s	(129)
Fatty acids	%
	Lauric acid (C12:0)	0.6	o	(130–132)
	Myristic (C14:0)	0.14-1	s	(5, 128, 133, 134)
		0.15-1	o
	Palmitic (C16:0)	8.92-10.5	s	(5, 128, 133, 134)
		11.17-13.1	o
	Palmitoleic (C16:1)	0.18	s	(5, 128, 133, 134)
		0.19-0.2	o
	Margaric acid (C17:0)	0.061	o	(5, 128, 133, 134)
	Heptadesenoic (C17:1)	0.054	o	(5, 128, 133, 134)
	Stearic (C18:0)	2.04-2.44	s	(5, 128, 133, 134)
		2.22-3.4	o
	Oleic (C18:1)	9.42-16.23	s	(5, 128, 133, 134)
		22.94-24.64	o
	Linoleic (C18:2)	63.71-68.07	s	(5, 128, 133, 134)
		55.6-58.5	o
	Linolenic (C18:3)	0.44-2.16	s	(5, 128, 133, 134)
		2.23-0.4	o
	Arachidic (C20:0)	0.13	s	(5, 128, 133, 134)
		0.2-0.5	o
	Eicosenoic (C20:1)	0.27	s	(5, 128, 133, 134)
		0.31	o
	Eicosedienoic acid (C20:2)	0.33	s	(5, 128, 133, 134)
		2.55	o
	Behenic (C22:0)	2.89	s	(5, 128, 133, 134)
		0.039	o
	Docosenoic (C22:1)	0.047	o	(5, 128, 133, 134)
	Lignoceric acid (C24:0)	1.04	s	(5, 128, 133, 134)
Monoterpenic hydrocarbons	mg/100gDW
	α-Thujene	4.38-109.4	e.o.	(133, 135–137)
	α -Pinene	2.19-27.65	e.o.	(133, 135–137)
	Sabinene	0.39-3.46	e.o.	(133, 135–137)
	β-Pinene	1.1-43.78	e.o.	(133, 135–137)
	Myrcene	0.21	e.o.	(133, 135–137)
	α -Terpinene	0.55-1.15	e.o.	(133, 135–137)
	p-Cymene	11.3-374.4	e.o.	(133, 135–137)
	Limonene	0.31-13.82	e.o.	(133, 135–137)
	-Terpinene	5.21-12.67	e.o.	(133, 135–137)
Monoterpene ester	Bornyl acetate	0.04-1.15	e.o.	(133, 135–137)
Monoterpenoid ketones	Carvone	0.02	e.o.	(133, 135–137)
	p-Cymen-9-ol	12.67	e.o.	(133, 135–137)
	Eugenol	4.61	e.o.	(133, 135–137)
	Thymoquinone	3.52-413.57	e.o.	(133, 135–137)
	Thymohydroquinone	6.35-7.3	e.o.	(133, 135–137)
Monoterpenoid alcohols	Carvacrol	2.61-12.67	e.o.	(133, 135–137)
	4-Terpineol	0.2-9.22	e.o.	(133, 135–137)
Terpenic phenols	Thymol	1.67	e.o.	(133, 135–137)
Sesquiterpene	α-Longipinene	0.34-4.61	e.o.	(133, 135–137)
	Longifolene	1.71	e.o.	(133, 135–137)
	Z-γ-Bisabolene	2.30	e.o.	(133, 135–137)
	(E)-Caryophyllene	0.02-4.61	e.o.	(133, 135–137)
Polyphenols	mg/kg
	Catechin	56.56-124.6	o	(128)
	Epicatechin	39.67-98.1	o	(128, 138)
		1.28	sh
		0.64	r
	Catechin hydrated	7.26	sh	(128, 138)
		3.4	r
	Rutin	14 -117.7	o	(128, 138)
	Dihydro quercitin	4.05-31.45	o	(128, 138)
	Naringine	2.16-58.68	o	(128, 138)
	Quercimeritrin	5.89-39.89	o	(128, 138)
	Quercetin	5.03-35.67	o	(128, 138)
		2.56	sh
		2.61	r
	Apigenin	6.83	sh	(128, 138)
		1.77	r
	Amentoflavone	2.91	sh	(128, 138)
	Flavone	3.4	sh	(128, 138)
		0.54	r
	Callistephin	15.99-33.6	o	(128, 138)
	Gallic acid	27.86	sh	(128, 138)
		30.59	r
	p-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	1.73	r	(138)
	Chlorogenic acid	1.51	sh	(138)
		0.36	r
	Vanillic acid	143.2	sh	(138)
		89.94	r
	trans-2-Hydroxycinnamic acid	1.25	sh	(138)
		2.58	r
	trans-Cinnamic acid	15.47	sh	(138)
		0.98	r
Macro elements	mg/kg DW
	Potassium (K)	708-7561	s	(129, 130)
	Magnesium (Mg)	80-1878	s	(129, 130)
	Calcium (Ca)	160-5089	s	(129, 130)
	Zinc (Zn)	2.5-48.89	s	(129, 130)
	Manganese (Mn)	1.5-22.73	s	(129, 130)
	Copper (Cu)	0.9-16.03	s	(129, 130)
	Iron (Fe)	8.65-108.1	s	(129, 130)
	Phosphorus (P)	48.9-6197	s	(129, 130)
Micro elements	mg/kg DW
	Boron (B)	19.42-23.6	s	(129, 130)
	Chromium (Cr)	0.291-0.65	s	(129, 130)
	Copper (Cu)	15.07-16.3	s	(129)
	Molybdenum (Mo)	0.221-0.40	s	(129)
	Nickel (Ni)	3.49-5.18	s	(129)

S: seeds, o: oil, EO: essential oil, sh: shoots, r: roots