Table 4.

Loss-oriented behavior and effects of comfort and distress by PGD status

	PGD− Comfort	Distress	PGD+ Comfort	Distress
Visit more frequently than once a week	3.04 [1.46,6.33]**	1.37 [0.50,3.71]	2.32 [0.95,5.65]	0.44 [0.21,0.92]*
Role confusion	0.72 [0.35,1.47]	1.38 [0.46,4.11]		0.87 [0,33.75]
Anger	0.75 [0.35,1.58]	2.38 [0.90,6.29]	1.46 [0.48,4.50]	2.75 [0.84,9.01]
Diminished trust	1.44 [0.60,3.42]	2.96 [1.02,8.54]*	1.18 [0.56,2.50]	1.01 [0.50,2.05]
Avoidance	1.49 [0.68,3.24]	1.18 [0.39,3.58]	1.09 [0.50,2.36]	1.53 [0.73,3.22]
Life is unfulfilling, meaningless	0.85 [0.32,2.17]	1.37 [0.41,4.62]	0.41 [0.19,0.87]*	1.34 [0.63,2.85]
Unable to talk about infant	0.93 [0.21,4.13]	0.89 [0.10,7.81]	0.17 [0,1.10]	1.83 [0.40,9.49]
Unable to talk about infant without feeling overwhelmed	0.97 [0.45,2.08]	1.19 [0.42,3.39]	0.28 [0.13,0.61]***	2.35 [1.12,4.91]*
Unable to talk about infant without crying	1.06 [0.35,3.19]	2.43 [0.68,8.65]	0.72 [0.31,1.63]	1.38 [0.66,2.91]
Believes she needs to hide feelings from others	0.80 [0.35,1.83]	0.59 [0.16,2.20]	0.61 [0.29,1.26]	1.49 [0.73,3.00]

Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the effects of comfort and distress by PGD status, examining the outcomes of loss-oriented behavior. Constituent PGD symptoms of difficulty avoidance and meaninglessness (meaning-making) are included because they represent loss-oriented behavior. Role confusion, anger and diminished trust are included because they are the symptoms of PGD most frequently reported in this sample.

^*p<0.05,

^**p<0.01,

^***p=0.001.

A significant interaction effect was found only for PGD and comfort when predicting “unable to talk about infant without feeling overwhelmed” (p=0.02).