Table 3.
Laboratory and radiologic findings at admission in patients with COVID-19
| Normal range | All patients (n = 619) | Patients with increased leucocytes (n = 52) | Patients with non-increased leucocytes (n = 567) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood routine examination | |||||
| Leukocytes, × 109 per L | 3.5–9.5 | 5.02 (4.20–6.45) | 11.96 (11.39–13.15) | 4.84 (3.85–5.74) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 12, n (%) | 25 (4.0) | 25 (48.1) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 | |
| < 12, n (%) | 594 (96.0) | 27 (51.9) | 567 (100) | ||
| Neutrophils, × 109 per L | 1.8–6.3 | 3.34 (2.42–4.41) | 10.58 (9.58–12.22) | 3.18 (2.35–4.15) | < 0.001 |
| Haemoglobin, g/L, | 130–175 | 122.77 ± 17.18 | 126.52 ± 22.58 | 122.42 ± 16.58 | 0.10 |
| Lymphocyte, × 109 per L | 1.1–3.2 | 1.00 (0.68–1.36) | 0.75 (0.53–1.06) | 1.06 (0.68–1.37) | < 0.001 |
| Decreased, n (%) | 335 (54.1) | 40 (76.9) | 295 (52.0) | 0.001 | |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time, S | 25.0–31.3 | 28 (26.4–30.0) | 27.4 (25.6–29.3) | 28.2 (26.4–30.1) | 0.063 |
| Increased, n (%) | 106 (17.1) | 6 (11.5) | 100 (17.6) | 0.264 | |
| Decreased, n (%) | 62 (10.0) | 7 (13.5) | 55 (9.7) | 0.387 | |
| D-Dimer, μg/L | 0.0–0.55 | 0.61 (0.36–1.63) | 7.49 (0.74–20.85) | 0.6 (0.34–1.48) | < 0.001 |
| Increased, n (%) | 350 (56.5) | 44 (84.6) | 306 (54.0) | <0.001 | |
| Prothrombin time, S | 9.0–13.0 | 11.9 (11.4–12.6) | 12.7 (11.83–13.70) | 11.9 (11.3–12.5) | < 0.001 |
| Increased, n (%) | 106 (17.1) | 19 (36.5) | 87 (15.3) | < 0.001 | |
| ALT, U/L | 9.0–50.0 | 28 (16–45) | 29 (20–51) | 28 (16–43) | 0.038 |
| Increased, n (%) | 144 (23.3) | 15 (28.8) | 129 (22.8) | 0.319 | |
| AST, U/L | 15.0–40.0 | 27 (21–42) | 32 (24–56) | 27 (20–40) | 0.031 |
| Increased, n (%) | 160 (25.8) | 20 (38.5) | 140 (24.7) | 0.03 | |
| Albumin, g/L | 40–55.0 | 37.6 (34.2–41.4) | 33.5 (31.5–37.5) | 37.8 (34.3–42.0) | < 0.001 |
| Decreased, n (%) | 402 (64.9) | 42 (80.8) | 360 (62.5) | 0.012 | |
| Bun, mmol/L | 3.6–9.0 | 4.72 (363–6.70) | 7.50 (5.42–11.03) | 4.70 (3.60–6.44) | < 0.001 |
| Increased, n (%) | 104 (16.8) | 19 (36.5) | 85 (15.0) | < 0.001 | |
| Decreased, n (%) | 121 (19.5) | 4 (7.7) | 117 (20.6) | 0.024 | |
| Cr, umol/L | 41.0–73.0 | 63 (52–78) | 65 (51.3–80.5) | 63 (52–78) | 0.768 |
| Increased, n (%) | 173 (27.9) | 16 (30.8) | 157 (27.7) | 0.636 | |
| LDH, U/L | 120–250 | 272 (202–374) | 457.5 (306.3–688) | 265 (202–350) | < 0.001 |
| Increased, n (%) | 350 (56.5) | 45 (86.5) | 305 (53.8) | < 0.001 | |
| Inflammation-associated biomarkers | |||||
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | < 0.1 | 0.06 (0.04–0.11) | 0.21 (0.06–0.64) | 0.05 (0.04–0.11) | < 0.001 |
| Increased, n (%) | 183 (29.6) | 31 (59.6) | 152 (26.8) | < 0.001 | |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 0–10 | 29.7 (5–75.3) | 78.7 (46.3–153.3) | 29.2 (5.0–64.4) | < 0.001 |
| Increased, n (%) | 374 (60.4) | 44 (84.6) | 330 (58.2) | < 0.001 | |
| Interleukin-6, mg/L | ≤ 20.0 | 9.40 (3.65–19.38) | 22.15 (11.94–67.79) | 8.40 (3.60–17.20) | < 0.001 |
| Increased, n (%) | 147 (23.7) | 27 (51.9) | 120 (21.2) | < 0.001 | |
| Arterial blood gas analysis | |||||
| PH | 7.35–7.45 | 7.40 (7.37–7.43) | 7.41 (7.35–7.44) | 7.40 (7.37–7.43) | 0.525 |
| Increased, n (%) | 87 (14.1) | 10 (19.2) | 77 (13.6) | 0.262 | |
| Decreased, n (%) | 69 (11.1) | 12 (23.1) | 57 (10.1) | 0.004 | |
| PaCO2, mmHg | 33–45 | 40 (36–44) | 40.5 (34.25–44.75) | 40 (36–44) | 0.89 |
| Increased, n (%) | 104 (16.8) | 7 (13.5) | 97 (17.1) | 0.501 | |
| ≤ 32 mmHg, n (%) | 78 (12.6) | 15 (28.8) | 63 (11.1) | < 0.001 | |
| PaO2, mmHg | 80–100 | 90 (74–98) | 67.5 (52–77.25) | 90 (75–101) | < 0.001 |
| ≤60 mmHg, n (%) | 53 (8.6) | 19 (36.5) | 34 (6.0) | < 0.001 | |
| Lactate, mmol/L | 0.5–1.6 | 2.1 (1.7–2.5) | 2.3 (1.7–3.3) | 2.1 (1.7–2.5) | 0.012 |
| Increased, n (%) | 480 (77.5) | 40 (80.7) | 440 (77.6) | 0.911 | |
| Radiologic findings | |||||
| Unilateral pneumonia, n (% | 118 (19.1) | 8 (15.4) | 110 (19.4) | 0.480 | |
| Bilateral pneumonia, n (%) | 501 (80.9) | 44 (84.6) | 457 (80.6) | ||
Data are median (IQR) or n (%). Increased means over the upper limit of the normal range and decreased means below the lower limit of the normal range. COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, Cr creatinine, BUN blood urea nitrogen, LDH lactate dehydrogenase. PaO2 arterial partial pressure of oxygen, PCO2 arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide