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. 2019 Jul 6;59(5):1869–1879. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-02038-w

Table 1.

Age-standardized characteristics of 35,339 women in the Swedish Mammography Cohort (SMC) by quintiles of energy-adjusted total dietary fiber intake at baseline (1997)

Quintiles of dietary fiber intake, g/day (median)a P valueb
< 17.6 (15.6) 17.6–20.5 (19.2) 20.6–23.1 (21.8) 23.2–26.4 (24.6) ≥ 26.5 (29.1)
N 7016 7073 7072 7091 7087
Age, years 60.6 ± 9.4c 61.1 ± 9.1 61.8 ± 9.1 62.0 ± 9.0 62.0 ± 9.0 < 0.001
Fiber intake in 1987, g/dayd 21.0 (6.6)e 23.0 (6.1) 24.2 (6.1) 25.5 (6.4) 27.0 (7.1) < 0.001
Education, university, % 17.6 19.2 19.3 19.6 19.0 0.01
Body Mass Index, kg/m2 24.9 ± 4.0 25.0 ± 3.9 25.0 ± 3.9 25.1 ± 3.9 25.2 ± 4.0 < 0.001
Walking/cycling, %

 < 20 min/day

 20–60 min/day

 > 60 min/day

33.8

44.0

13.3

28.6

49.9

14.1

26.7

50.1

15.9

24.8

51.6

16.7

21.7

50.7

19.4

 0.12
Smoking status, %

 Current smokers

 Ex-smokers

 Never smokers

30.3

21.1

46.6

23.6

22.3

52.5

21.1

23.0

54.2

18.8

23.0

56.5

18.7

24.3

55.1

 0.84
Alcohol consumption, g/day 5.3 ± 7.0 4.6 ± 5.4 4.2 ± 4.9 3.7 ± 4.2 3.1 ± 3.9 < 0.001
Energy intake, kcal/day 1750 ± 564 1752 ± 522 1737 ± 501 1727 ± 498 1725 ± 539 < 0.001
Whole-grain products, g/day 61.0 ± 60.0 82.6 ± 68.8 96.5 ±73.8 111 ± 84.5 127 ± 88.0 < 0.001
Fruits, g/day 107 ± 74 150 ± 89 181 ± 104 217 ± 122 291 ± 181 < 0.001
Vegetables, g/day 125 ± 72 159 ± 82 186 ± 95 214 ± 107 289 ± 186 < 0.001
Processed red meat, g/day 31.8 ± 29.2 31.1 ± 23.9 30.8 ± 25.5 29.0 ± 24.3 25.1 ± 24.0 < 0.001

aEnergy-adjusted to 1700 kcal/day (mean energy intake in the study cohort based on FFQ 1997) using the residual method

bP values were calculated across quintiles of dietary fiber intake by using age-adjusted linear models for continuous variable and Pearson’s Chi square for categorized variables

cMean ± SD—all such values

dEnergy-adjusted to 1600 kcal/day (mean energy intake in the study cohort based on FFQ 1987) using the residual method

eMedian (interquartile range)