Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study sample by plasma vitamin D status (n = 661)
| Characteristics | Non-deficient (25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L)a (n = 236) | Deficient/insufficient (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L)a (n = 425) | Whole samplea (n = 661) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 80.4 ± 5.9 | 81.3 ± 6.5 | 81.0 ± 6.3 |
| Sex | |||
| Men | 114 (48.3) | 153 (36.0) | 267 (40.4) |
| Women | 122 (51.7) | 272 (64.0) | 394 (59.6) |
| Education (years) | 9.9 ± 4.3 | 9.7 ± 3.9 | 9.7 ± 4.0 |
| 3MS score | 83.1 ± 11.1 | 81.9 ± 12.1 | 82.3 ± 11.8 |
| CIND (yes) | 79 (33.5) | 165 (38.8) | 244 (36.9) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.0 ± 4.3 | 25.8 ± 5.2 | 25.5 ± 4.9 |
| Carrier of ApoE4 (yes) | 46 (19.5) | 87 (20.5) | 133 (20.1) |
| Institutionalized (yes) | 26 (11.0) | 73 (17.2) | 99 (15.0) |
| Alcohol drinking (yes) | 95 (44.6) | 121 (32.0) | 216 (36.6) |
| Smoking (yes) | 113 (52.3) | 168 (44.4) | 281 (47.3) |
| Vitamin supplement intake (yes) | 62 (28.2) | 77 (19.0) | 139 (22.2) |
| Multivitamin (yes) | 57 (25.9) | 77 (19.0) | 134 (21.4) |
| Vitamin D (yes) | 7 (3.2) | 2 (0.5) | 9 (1.4) |
| Diabetes (yes) | 22 (9.5) | 82 (19.5) | 104 (16.0) |
| History of stroke or myocardial infarction (yes) | 77 (32.6) | 146 (34.4) | 223 (33.7) |
| Hypertension (yes) | 84 (35.6) | 152 (35.8) | 236 (35.7) |
| Depression (yes) | 13 (6.0) | 39 (9.6) | 52 (8.3) |
25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; 3MS, Modified Mini-Mental State examination; ApoE4, allele e4 on the apolipoprotein E gene; BMI, body mass index; CIND, cognitive impairment-no dementia. Missing values for 3MS: n = 5; alcohol drinking: n = 70; BMI: n = 40; depression: n = 36; diabetes: n = 10; smoking: n = 67; multivitamin: n = 36; vitamin D supplement: n = 36
aMean ± standard deviation or n (%)