. 2020 Feb 26;35(7):2010–2016. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05740-2

Table 2.

Predictors of Change in Stated Preference for End-of-Life (EOL) Care

	Change in preference from non-aggressive to aggressive EOL care (N = 711)		Change in preference from aggressive to non-aggressive EOL care (N = 711)
	Odds ratio	[95% CI]	Odds ratio	[95% CI]
Received ACP^a	0.85	[0.52, 1.38]	0.87	[0.54, 1.39]
Age	1.01	[0.99, 1.02]	1.01	[0.99, 1.03]
Males^a	0.83	[0.49, 1.43]	1	[0.61, 1.67]
Ethnicity^a
Malay	1.2	[0.67, 2.15]	1.45	[0.84, 2.48]
Indian/others	1.62*	[0.92, 2.85]	1.11	[0.62, 1.99]
Married^a	1.11	[0.7, 1.77]	1.1	[0.7, 1.73]
No. of children	0.95	[0.82, 1.09]	0.98	[0.86, 1.12]
Secondary education or more ^a	0.81	[0.49, 1.32]	0.87	[0.54, 1.4]
Household income^a
$500—$2999	0.83	[0.45, 1.52]	1.04	[0.58, 1.87]
$3000 and above	1.12	[0.53, 2.33]	1.2	[0.59, 2.45]
Do not know/refuse to answer	0.97	[0.52, 1.83]	0.69	[0.36, 1.29]
KCCQ quality-of-life score	0.99	[0.98, 1]	1	[0.98, 1.01]
KCCQ clinical summary score	1	[0.99, 1.01]	1	[0.99, 1.02]
Depressive symptoms score	0.97	[0.91, 1.04]	0.97	[0.91, 1.04]
High financial constraints ^a	0.92	[0.55, 1.53]	1.34	[0.82, 2.17]
Correct prognostic understanding^a	0.66*	[0.43, 1.03]	0.92	[0.61, 1.4]
KCCQ self-efficacy score	0.99	[0.98, 1.01]	0.99	[0.98, 1]
Decisional conflict score	1	[0.99, 1.01]	1.01	[1, 1.02]
Discussed care preference with surrogate decision-maker^a	1.27	[0.74, 2.16]	1.81**	[1.05, 3.14]

CI, confidence interval; ACP, advance care planning; No., number; EOL, end-of-life, KCCQ: Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire

^aReference categories for variables are as follows: did not participate in ACP, females, Chinese, not married, primary education or less at baseline, household income less than $500, low/no financial constraints, incorrect understanding of prognosis or being unsure of prognosis, did not discuss treatment preference with surrogate decision-maker

* and ** indicate a statistical significance level at 10% and 5% respectively