. 2020 Feb 26;35(7):2010–2016. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05740-2

Table 3.

Predictors of Preference for Aggressive End-of-Life (EOL) Care (n = 911)

	Odds ratio	[95% CI]
Received ACP^a	0.77	[0.45, 1.32]
Age	0.96**	[0.94, 0.98]
Males^a	0.74	[0.39, 1.41]
Ethnicity^a
Malay	1.21	[0.63, 2.34]
Indian/others	1.19	[0.6, 2.35]
Married^a	1.37	[0.79, 2.37]
No. of children	0.89	[0.76, 1.05]
Secondary education or more^a	1.12	[0.63, 1.98]
Household income^a
$500—$2999	1.47	[0.72, 3.02]
$3000 and above	0.94	[0.39, 2.25]
Do not know/refuse to answer	0.97	[0.46, 2.03]
KCCQ quality-of-life score	1.01	[1, 1.02]
KCCQ clinical summary score	0.99	[0.98, 1.01]
Depressive symptoms score	1.02	[0.97, 1.08]
High financial constraints^a	0.61**	[0.4, 0.93]
Correct prognostic understanding^a	0.53**	[0.36, 0.77]
KCCQ self-efficacy score	1.01*	[1, 1.02]
Decisional conflict score	0.99**	[0.98, 1]
Discussed care preference with surrogate decision-maker^a	0.82	[0.54, 1.24]

CI, confidence interval; ACP, advance care planning; No., number; EOL, end-of-life; KCCQ: Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire

^aDummy variables. Reference categories for variables are as follows: did not participate in ACP, females, Chinese, not married, primary education or less, household income less than $500, low/no influence of financial constraints, incorrect understanding of prognosis or being unsure of prognosis, did not discuss treatment preference with surrogate decision-maker

* and ** indicate a statistical significance level at 10% and 5% respectively