. 2019 May 3;24(4):295–305. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2019.04.005

Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies (n = 7).

Study	Sample characteristics	Intervention	Outcome measures
Abd El-Kafy et al. (2014)²⁹	n = 30 Source = pediatrics outpatient clinic of the Faculty of Physical Therapy & Al Kaser Al Eini Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Age (yr) = 8.8 (SD 0.7) % Female = 56.7% Classification = spastic diplegia GMFCS Level I = 13; II = 17.	Balance training Comparison: Additional effect EG (n = 15): Balance training plus NDT CG (n = 15): NDT 120 min × 3/wk × 8 wk	Overall/anteroposterior/mediolateral stability index. Step length/velocity/cycle time/stance phase percentage/ swing phase percentage. Follow-up = 8 wk
El-Shamy (2014)²⁷	n = 30 Source = pediatrics outpatient clinic at the Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Age (yr) = 9.8 (SD 1.2) % Female = 23.3% Classification = spastic diplegia GMFCS Level I = 13; II = 17.	Whole body vibration training Comparison: Additional effect EG (n = 15): Whole body vibration training plus NDT CG (n = 15): NDT 60 min × 5/wk × 12 wk	Overall/ anteroposterior/mediolateral stability index. Follow-up = 12 wk
El-Shamy et al. (2014)²⁶	n = 30 Source = physical therapy department, Al Noor Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Age (yr) = 10.6 (SD 1.4) % Female = 33.3% Classification = spastic diplegia GMFCS Level I = 13; II = 17.	Balance training Comparison: Additional effect EG (n = 15): Balance training plus NDT CG (n = 15): NDT 120 min × 3/wk × 12 wk	Overall directional control/ PBS Follow-up = 12 wk
El-Shamy (2017)³¹	n = 30 Source = Maternity and Children Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Age (yr) = 10.3 (SD 1.3) % Female = 40.0% Classification = spastic diplegia GMFCS Level I = 13; II = 17.	Antigravity treadmill training Comparison: Additional effect EG (n = 15): Antigravity treadmill training plus NDT CG (n = 15): NDT 20 min × 3/wk × 12 wk	Overall/ anteroposterior/ mediolateral stability index. Fall risk test Cadence/Stride length/velocity/time spent in double-limb support. Follow-up = 12 wk
Ibrahim et al. (2014)²⁸	n = 30 Source = the outpatient clinic, college of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Age (yr) = 9.6 (SD 1.4) % Female = not reported Classification = spastic diplegia GMFCS Level not reported.	Whole body vibration training Comparison: Additional effect EG (n = 15): Whole body vibration training plus NDT CG (n = 15): NDT 60 min × 3/wk × 12 wk	6MWT TUG Follow-up = 12 wk
Uysal and Baltaci (2016)³⁰	n = 24 Source = Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Paediatric Neurological Clinic, Ankara, Turkey. Age (yr) = 9.6 (SD 2.6) % Female = 58.3% Classification = spastic hemiplegia GMFCS Level I = 19; II = 5.	Wii therapy Comparison: Additional effect EG (n = 12): Wii therapy plus NDT CG (n = 12): NDT 30 min × 2/wk × 12 wk	PBS Follow-up = 12 wk
Yildirim et al. (2012)²⁰	n = 23 Source = Not reported. Age (yr) = 7 (SD not reported) % Female = 35.0% Classification = spastic diplegia (11), hemiplegia (4) and quadriplegia (5). GMFCS Level Not reported.	Hippotherapy Comparison: Additional effect EG (n = 13): Hippotherapy plus NDT CG (n = 10): NDT 30–45 min × 7/wk × 10 wk.	PBS Cadence/walking speed. Follow-up = 10 wk

n, participants included in the baseline; Yr, year; min, minutes; wk, week; GMFCS, Gross Motor Function Classification System; EG, experimental group; CG, control group; PBS, Pediatric Balance Scale; TUG, Timed Up and Go test; NDT, neurodevelopmental treatment.