. 2020 Mar 26;36(3):203–210. doi: 10.1007/s43188-019-00013-5

Table 4.

Serum biochemical parameters (mean ± SEM) of rats in dermal toxicity study of M. malabathricum leaf ethanolic extract

Parameter	G1	G2	G3	G4	G5
Acute toxicity study
Urea (mmol/L)	6.0 ± 0.11^a	5.92 ± 0.19^a	6.14 ± 0.44^a	6.02 ± 0.25^a	5.90 ± 0.26^a
Creatinine (µmol/L)	63.20 ± 1.15^a	60.93 ± 0.45^a	61.50 ± 1.04^a	63.0 ± 1.92^a	63.0 ± 2.78^a
ALT (U/L)	71.33 ± 0.95^a	71.64 ± 1.56^a	71.10 ± 1.61^a	72.00 ± 7.76^a	73.48 ± 4.79^a
ALP (U/L)	207.12 ± 10.96^a	207.54 ± 10.82^a	222.29 ± 12.52^a	214.0 ± 22.26^a	226.40 ± 13.32^a
AST (U/L)	173.32 ± 2.79^a	177.11 ± 2.83^a	181.74 ± 3.30^a	179.82 ± 19.88^a	176.17 ± 9.75^a
CK (U/L)	1386.36 ± 130.33^a	1312.69 ± 98.29^a	1323.83 ± 102.14^a	1298.69 ± 183.41^a	1389.56 ± 342.11^a
TP (g/L)	72.80 ± 0.93^a	72.35 ± 0.67^a	73.69 ± 0.86^a	74.6 ± 2.17^a	71.64 ± 1.13^a
Albumin (g/L)	43.39 ± 1.29^a	42.26 ± 1.39^a	42.84 ± 1.68^a	44.16 ± 1.37^a	42.80 ± 2.58^a
Globulin (g/L)	29.41 ± 1.58^a	30.09 ± 1.46^a	30.85 ± 2.44^a	30.84 ± 1.33^a	29.26 ± 3.04^a
Subacute toxicity study
Urea (mmol/L)	7.10 ± 0.09^a	7.07 ± 0.17^a	7.05 ± 0.16^a	7.62 ± 0.60^a	6.23 ± 0.21^a
Creatinine (µmol/L)	70.53 ± 0.64^a	71.76 ± 0.78^a	69.96 ± 2.35^a	68.60 ± 1.60^a	71.50 ± 2.60^a
ALT (U/L)	59.97 ± 2.02^a	60.05 ± 0.99^a	57.44 ± 3.07^a	62.91 ± 4.59^a	56.53 ± 3.39^a
ALP (U/L)	152.61 ± 6.01^a	154.02 ± 6.42^a	153.58 ± 4.04^a	152.89 ± 8.59^a	154.09 ± 14.87^a
AST (U/L)	203.32 ± 5.53^a	200.60 ± 7.60^a	194.60 ± 8.49^a	213.88 ± 12.23^a	214.96 ± 11.80^a
CK (U/L)	1467.64 ± 36.96^a	1143.8 ± 294.96^a	1448.38 ± 75.14^a	1499.31 ± 96.72^a	1567.58 ± 178.11^a
TP (g/L)	64.02 ± 0.41^a	61.73 ± 0.66^a	63.16 ± 0.90^a	62.20 ± 1.81^a	60.87 ± 1.56^a
Albumin (g/L)	48.93 ± 0.47^a	50.44 ± 1.89^a	50.44 ± 2.25^a	47.90 ± 2.30^a	49.44 ± 0.42^a
Globulin (g/L)	12.09 ± 0.70^a	12.92 ± 0.52^a	12.72 ± 2.08^a	11.32 ± 1.95^a	12.98 ± 0.99^a

Values in the same row with similar superscripts are not significantly different at p > 0.05

G1: M. malabathricum (2.5%), G2: M. malabathricum (5%), G3: M. malabathricum (10%), G4: negative control, G5: paraffin