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. 2019 Jun 13;24(4):358–364. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2019.05.006

Table 1.

Participants’ characteristics and potential effect modifiers at baseline.

Stretching and strengthening exercises
(n = 74)
Movement System Impairment based treatment
(n = 74)
Age (y) 40.4 ± 13.4 43.4 ± 12.5
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) 25.5 ± 5.3 25.5 ± 4.4



Sex
 Male 31 (41.9%) 26 (35.1%)
 Female 43 (58.1%) 48 (64.9%)



History of low back pain (months) 75.2 ± 74.0 94.9 ± 96.7
aMean pain intensity (0–10) 6.5 ± 1.9 6.6 ± 1.8
bDisability (0–24) 10.2 ± 5.0 10.7 ± 5.1



Effect modifiers
 Age ≤43 41 ± 55.4 33 ± 44.6
 Higher educational status 21 (28.4%) 21 (28.4%)
 Physically active 30 (40.5%) 25 (33.8%)
 cSTarT back tool classification
  (Low and medium risk) 57 (77.0%) 57 (77.0%)

Continuous variables are expressed as mean  ± standard deviation.

Categorical variables are expressed as n (%).

a

Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS).30, 31

b

Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire.30, 31, 32

c

STarT back screening tool.35, 36, 37