Table 2.
Incidence of venous and arterial thromboembolism in hospitalized COVID-19 patients
| Author [ref] | Setting | Generalized VTE screening | VTE incidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cattaneo [19] | 64 GW pts on LMWH prophylaxis | yes | 0% DVT |
| Zhang [20] | 143 GW pts. (37% on LMWH prophylaxis) | yes |
16% proximal DVT, 30% distal DVT (one ward) 8.8% DVT (all the hospital) |
| Lodigiani [21] |
314 GW pts (75% on LMWH prophylaxis) 48 ICU pts (100% on LMWH prophylaxis) |
yes |
GW: PE 2.5%, 1% DVT (including UEDVT), 1.9% stroke ICU: PE 4.2%, 4.1% isolated DVT (including UEDVT), 6.3% stroke |
| Middeldorp [22] |
123 GW pts (standard LMWH prophylaxis) 75 ICU pts (doubled LMWH prophylaxis) |
Yes (28% GW) |
GW: PE 6.6%, 13% DVT (including UEDVT) ICU: PE 15%, 32% DVT (including UEDVT) |
| Thomas [23] | 63 ICU pts (standard LMWH prophylaxis) | no | 8% PE, 1.5% DVT (including UEDVT) |
| Klok [24] | 184 ICU pts on LMWH prophylaxis | no |
35% PE, 1.6% DVT (including UEDVT) 3.8% ATE |
| Poissy [25] | 107 ICU pts (100% on VTE prophylaxis) | no | 20.6% PE |
| Cui [26] | 81 ICU pts NOT on LMWH prophylaxis | yes | 25% DVT |
| Llitjos [27] |
26 ICU pts (31% LMWH prophylactic, 69% therapeutic) |
yes |
23% PE VTE significantly higher in pts. on prophylactic vs therapeutic anticoagulation (100% vs. 56%) |
| Helms [28] |
150 ICU pts (70% LMWH prophylactic, 30% therapeutic) |
no |
16.7% PE 2.6% ATE |
| Whichmann [29] | 12 consecutive AUTOPSIES on COVID-19-positive pts | – |
Unsuspected DVT in 7 of 12 patients (58%) PE direct cause of death in 4 patients |
GW general ward; pts: patients, LMWH low molecular weight heparin, DVT deep vein thrombosis, ICU intensive care Unit, UEDVT upper extremity deep vein thrombosis, VTE venous thromboembolism, ATE arterial thromboembolic events, PE pulmonary embolism