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. 2020 Jun 21;21(12):4416. doi: 10.3390/ijms21124416

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Examples of enzymes responsible for lipid A modifications used by bacteria to evade the innate immune recognition. Same mutations can be used to reduce an overly strong TLR4 stimulation from OMV-based vaccines and identify an optimal balance between safety and immunogenicity.